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ื”ืืชืจ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ืฆื‘ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื›ืœื™ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืืชืจื™ื ืฉืœ
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. ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืชืจ ืžืฉืœื›ื?ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื”ืฉืงืจ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื”ืฉืงืจ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ

ืคืจืฉืช ืจืื”

ื›ืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ืฉืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืึตืœื•ืช ื•ืึตืœื™ื ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื. ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืžืงืจื‘ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื•ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืฉืงืจ ืืœื• ื”ื ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื”ืฉืงืจ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ. ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ื”ื ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื”ืฉืงืจ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ. โ€‹ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื”ืฉืงืจ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ื ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ืžื—ืื” ืจื•ื“ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืจื•ื“ืคื™ ืฆื“ืง. ื”ื ืžื•ื—ื™ื "ืฉื•ื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจ" ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืฉืข, ืžืชืจื™ืขื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื: "ื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืคื” ื•ืฉื... ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืœื•ื... " โ€‹ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื”ืฉืงืจ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ื ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ืžื—ืžืื” ืจื•ื“ืคื™ ื‘ืฆืข ื•ืจื•ื“ืคื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“. "ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื‘ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘" ื”ื ืžื—ืžื™ืื™ื ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืžืžืŸ ืื•ืชื, ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืžืจ ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉืงืจ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• "ื›ึผึดื™ ืžึดืงึผึฐื˜ึทื ึผึธื ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื ื›ึผึปืœึผื•ึน ื‘ึผื•ึนืฆึตืขึท ื‘ึผึธืฆึทืข ื•ึผืžึดื ึผึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ื›ึผึปืœึผื•ึน ืขึนืฉื‚ึถื” ืฉึผืึธืงึถืจ:ื•ึทื™ึฐืจึทืคึผึฐืื•ึผ ืึถืช ืฉืึถื‘ึถืจ ืขึทืžึผึดื™ ืขึทืœ ื ึฐืงึทืœึผึธื” ืœึตืืžึนืจ ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื" ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื”ืฉืงืจ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ื ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ. "ืื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืจ", ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืขืจื›ื™ื ืืฆืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื (ืคืจื˜ ืœืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื’ื“ื ื™ื™ื). ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืืฆืœ ืฉื›ื ื™ื ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ืกืจื™ื™ื. ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื... โ€‹ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืฉืคืช ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ืฉืœื ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืชื•ืš ื—ืœืงื™ื•. ืื ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื. ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื™ื ืชื ืื™ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื ืื™ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืœืฉื‘ืจ. ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœื•ื ืืš ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืจ. ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืžืงืจืื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืœื” "ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช". ื”ืขื“ืจ ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืžืงืจืื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืฉืึถื‘ึถืจ. ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ืช ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื ืื™ื—ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืจื™ื•. โ€‹ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื”ืฉืงืจ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ื ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ. ืขืœ ื ืงืœื” ื”ื ืžืจืคืื™ื ืืช ืฉื‘ืจ ืขืžื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืฉืœื•ื ืขืœื™ื›ื... ืขืœื™ื›ื•ื ืกืœืื". ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื™ืžืืžื™ื ื•ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืžืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžืขื•ื ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื›ืฉืคื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื”ืคืจืกื•ืžืื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืฆื ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื ื• ื”ื ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื”ืฉืงืจ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืœืฆืืŸ ืžืจืขื™ืชื ืœืจืคื ืืช ืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื™ ืฉืœื•ื ื ืฆื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื. โ€‹ "ื”ืฉื‘ืจ ื™ืื•ื—ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื", ืื•ืžืจ ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉืงืจ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืืฉืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื™ ื ืฆื—, "ื”ืฉื‘ืจ ื™ืื•ื—ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ื—ืŸ ื•ื—ืกื“ ื•ืจื—ืžื™ื... ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ"...

ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื

ื”ืฆื’ ื”ื›ื•ืœ

ืงึธืจื•ึนื‘ ืึตืœึทื™ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืžึฐืึนื“ ื•ึฐืึฒื ึดื™ ืคึผื•ึนื—ึตื“ ืคึผึทื—ึทื“ ืžึธื•ึถืช

ืคืจืฉืช ื ืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื• ื”ืžืื” ื•ืขืฉืจื™ื, ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื” ื”ื›ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืื•ืชื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืืœ, ื•ื›ื™ ืืœื• ืฉืขื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืขื“, ื•ืžื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืกื•ืคื™, ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื—ื™ื” ืขื•ื“, ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืืฃ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื. ื™ื•ืžื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•

ืžึฐื’ึทืžึฐื’ึฐืœื•ึนืžึทื ึฐื™ึธื”

ืึตืœึผึถื” ื”ึทื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึถืจ ืžืฉืึถื” ืึถืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐืขึตื‘ึถืจ ื”ึทื™ึผึทืจื“ืŸ โ€“ ืืžืจื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ืืชืžื•ืœ ืืžืจืช ืœึนื ืึดื™ืฉื ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš?`โ€ฆ" (ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืจืฉื” ื‘ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื‘ ) ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉ

ื™ึฐืฆึดื™ืึทืช ื”ึทื›ึผื•ึนืคึฐืจื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื”ึทื›ึผื•ึนืคึฐืจึดื™ื ืžึตืึธืจื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืœื•ึผื—ื•ึนืช ื”ึทืฉึฐืื‘ื•ึผืจึดื™ื

ืคืจืฉืช ืขืงื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื›ื•ืคืจื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ืคืจื™ื ื™ืฆืื• ืžื”ืืจื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื–ื” ืขืชื” ืืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช. ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ 929 ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื (ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ โ€“ ื™) ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื›ืคื™ืจื”. ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœื?) ื”ืช

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