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ืžึฐื’ึดืœึผึทืช ื”ึธืึตืฉื ืคืจืง ื - ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืืจื•ืช


(ื) ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืœึผึทื™ึฐืœึธื” ืจึธืชึฐื—ื•ึผ ื™ึทืžึผึตื™ ืœึถื”ึธื‘ื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทืจึฐื‘ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนื ื•ึนืช ืึตืฉื ืžึตืขึทืœ ื”ึทืจ-ื”ึทื‘ึผึธื™ึดืช.


ื™ึทืžึผึตื™ ืœึถื”ึธื‘ื•ึนืช - ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ื ื•ืืฉ.... ืืฉ ื‘ื•ืขืจืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ื... ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“ ืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ. ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื™ ืžืชื—ื•ืœืœืช ืขืœ ื’ื“ื•ืช ื ื”ืจ ื”ืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ (ื”ืฉื›ื—ื”) ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ื ื”ืจ ื”ืื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืžืืชื™ื™ื ืขืœืžื™ื ื•ืžืืชื™ื™ื ืขืœืžื•ืช... ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ื™ืžื™ ืœื”ื‘ื•ืช โ€“ ื”ืืฉ ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื›ืืŸ ื›ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื ืงื‘ืœ ืฆื™ืจื•ืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ื ื ื”ืจ ืžืฆื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“...

ื”ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ื”ืคืจื“ื•ื›ืกืืœื™ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฉืœ "ื™ึทืžึผึตื™ ืœึถื”ึธื‘ื•ึนืช" ื”ื•ื ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžื”ืคื›ืช ืฉืœ "ืื’ื“ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื”" ืื• "ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ืื’ื“ื”" โ€“ ื—"ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืข ืœื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉื‘ืื’ื“ื” ืžืžืฉ ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœื ื• ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืืฉ, ื•ืžืžืฉ ื›ืฉื ืฉื‘ืื’ืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ "ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ ืฉื‘ื ืกืชืจ"...

ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ืืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืื’ื ื”ืืฉ (ื”ื’ื™ื”ื ื•ื) ื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘"ืืคื•ืงืœื™ืคืกื”" (ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ) ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”


ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนื ื•ึนืช ืึตืฉื - ืœึธื›ึตืŸ ื›ึผึถืึฑื›ึนืœ ืงึทืฉื ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืึตืฉื ื•ึทื—ึฒืฉืึทืฉื ืœึถื”ึธื‘ึธื” ื™ึดืจึฐืคึผึถื” ืฉืึธืจึฐืฉืึธื ื›ึผึทืžึผึธืง ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื•ึผืคึดืจึฐื—ึธื ื›ึผึธืึธื‘ึธืง ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื” ื›ึผึดื™ ืžึธืึฒืกื•ึผ ืึตืช ืชึผื•ึนืจึทืช ื™ื”ื•ื” ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืึตืช ืึดืžึฐืจึทืช ืงึฐื“ื•ึนืฉื ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื ึดืึตืฆื•ึผ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื” ื›ื“)

ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ืฉืึตื ื™ื”ื•ื” ื‘ึผึธื ืžึดืžึผึถืจึฐื—ึธืง ื‘ึผึนืขึตืจ ืึทืคึผื•ึน ื•ึฐื›ึนื‘ึถื“ ืžึทืฉึผื‚ึธืึธื” ืฉื‚ึฐืคึธืชึธื™ื• ืžึธืœึฐืื•ึผ ื–ึทืขึทื ื•ึผืœึฐืฉืื•ึนื ื•ึน ื›ึผึฐืึตืฉื ืึนื›ึธืœึถืช (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืœ ื›ื–) ืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืฉืึฐืžึฐืจึธื” ื“ึฐืจึธื›ึทื™ ืžึตื—ึฒื˜ื•ึนื ื‘ึดืœึฐืฉืื•ึนื ึดื™ ืึถืฉืึฐืžึฐืจึธื” ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืžึทื—ึฐืกื•ึนื ื‘ึผึฐืขึนื“ ืจึธืฉืึธืข ืœึฐื ึถื’ึฐื“ึผึดื™: ื ึถืึฑืœึทืžึฐืชึผึดื™ ื“ื•ึผืžึดื™ึผึธื” ื”ึถื—ึฑืฉืึตื™ืชึดื™ ืžึดื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ ื•ึผื›ึฐืึตื‘ึดื™ ื ึถืขึฐื›ึผึธืจ: ื—ึทื ืœึดื‘ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืงึดืจึฐื‘ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึทื”ึฒื’ึดื™ื’ึดื™ ืชึดื‘ึฐืขึทืจ ืึตืฉื ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึดืœึฐืฉืื•ึนื ึดื™ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืœื˜ ื‘-ื“) โ€“ ื‘ืงื˜ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžืชื”ืœื™ื ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืžืขื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ื˜ืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ ื—ื˜ืื™ ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื โ€“ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข, ืงืœืœืช ืืœื”ื™ื ื•ืื“ื ื•ื›ื“... ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžื–ื•ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืื• ื›ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืฉ...


ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืœึผึทื™ึฐืœึธื” ืจึธืชึฐื—ื•ึผ ื™ึทืžึผึตื™ ืœึถื”ึธื‘ื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทืจึฐื‘ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนื ื•ึนืช ืึตืฉื ืžึตืขึทืœ ื”ึทืจ-ื”ึทื‘ึผึธื™ึดืช โ€“ "... ื”ืคืจืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื”ืฉืจืคื”, ืฉืจืคืช ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ โ€“ ืจื—ืคื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชื "ืš: ืืฉ-ื”', ืืฉ ืื•ื›ืœื”, ื—ืžืช ืืฉ, ื ืงืžืช ืืฉ... ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืืžืช, ื’ื ื”ืคืจืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื ื”ืฉื ื™ โ€“ ื›ืฉืืœื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช โ€“ ืฆืžื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืจืคื” ืื—ืช, ืฉืื ื™ ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™. ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข ื•ื—ืฆื™, ื•ืคืชืื•ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื” โ€“ ืื ื• ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืจ, ืืžื ื”ื™ืชื” ืืœืžื ื” ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื โ€“ ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื ื• ื‘ื‘ื”ืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ืžื ื’ื“ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื•ืจืกืื”, ื•ืžืฉื ืคืจืฆื” ืืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ืœื™ืœ-ืกื’ืจื™ืจ. ื™ืฆืื ื• ื•ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ื•ื–-ืืฉ. ืคืจืฆื• ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช-ืืฉ, ืœื”ื‘ื•ืช, ืฉืขืฉื• ืขืœื™ ืจื•ืฉื ื›ื‘ื™ืจ ืžืื“. ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื•, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืœื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉืจืคื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™, ื•ืฉื•ื ืฉืจืคื” ืื—ืจืช, ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืื—"ื› ื‘ืžืกืฉื˜ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื–ื•, ืœื ืขืฉืชื” ืขืœื™ ืจื•ืฉื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืฉืจืคื” ื–ื•. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ื ื“ืžื” ืœื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื—ืจื‘. ืฉื ื”ื™ื• ืขืจื‘ื” ื•ืฉื“ื”, ื‘ื™ืช-ืชืคืœื”, ืฆืขืงื•ืช โ€“ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื’ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžืฉื—ืง ืžืฉืขืฉืข. ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืฉืฉืžื—ืชื™ ืžืื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืฉืžื—ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ืคื—ื“ ืžืคื ื™ ืืœื”ื™ื. ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื ื’ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืขืฆื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื• ืื– ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื ื ืฉืจืคื• ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื‘ืกืขืจืช-ืืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ื ืžื—ืง ื”ื›ืœ, ืจืง ืฆื‘ื•ืจื™-ื’ื—ืœื™ื ื ืฉืืจื•. ื•ื”ื ื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื–ื•, ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืžื” ื–ื”? ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื• ื–ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ-ืฆื—ื•ืง. ืื‘ืœ ืœื™ ื ื“ืžื” ืื–, ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฉืจืคืช ื—ืฆื™-ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืื ืœื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ื”ืจื•ืฉื ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื ืžื—ืง ืžื–ื›ืจื•ื ื™. ืงืจืืชื™ ื‘ืขืชื•ืŸ, ืฉืฉืžืจื™ื”ื• ืœื•ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืืœ ืื•ืชื™, ืื™ืคื” ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ. โ€“ ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืจื‘ืช ื—ื•ืœ, ืฉื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืœื™ื ืื ืฉื™-ืฆื‘ื, ื•ื–ื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืื– ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื–ื” ื ืฉืืจ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืžื™-ื—ื™ื™, ื•ืื—"ื›, ื›ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ืžืฆืืชื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ืื-ื›ืŸ, ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืจืคื•ืช ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืื—"ื› ื”ื™ื• ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืฉืจืคื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืฉื•ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ืืœ ื–ื•, ื•ืœืขื™ื ื™ ืจื—ืคื” ืฉืจืคื” ื–ื•. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื›ืืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืจืคืช ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื›ืžืขื˜ ื—ืจื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืื‘ืœ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืคื” ื–ื• ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื ืกืชืจืช ืฉืจืคืช ื‘ื™ืช ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื›ืจ..."

(ืงื˜ืข ืžืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง ื‘"ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ, ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1933)


ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืœึผึทื™ึฐืœึธื” ืจึธืชึฐื—ื•ึผ ื™ึทืžึผึตื™ ืœึถื”ึธื‘ื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทืจึฐื‘ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนื ื•ึนืช ืึตืฉื ืžึตืขึทืœ ื”ึทืจ-ื”ึทื‘ึผึธื™ึดืช โ€“ ืงื˜ืข ืžืชื•ืš "ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื•ืขืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ื’ ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื” 5" (ื”ืงืœื“ื” ื—ื™ืคื” 100210) -

... ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฉืชืชืืจื— ืืฆืœื™ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื’ ืืจืฉื” ืœืš ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื™ืœื“ ืงื˜ืŸ. ืื•ืชื• ื™ืœื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื™ื— ื•ืฆืขืง ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื›ื•ืœื” ืืฉ ืืฉ... ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื›ืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื™ื—ืคืฉื• ืืช ื”ืืฉ... (ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“) ืคืขื ื›ืฉื”ืื“ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืขืจื” ื”ืืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•... ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื” ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจ ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ื”ืชืขื™ื™ืฃ ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ืคืฉ "ื›ืจื™ืช" "ืื—ื•ืช" "ืื", "ื”ื™ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืืœื™ื™" ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืงืฉ, ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืช ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช... ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืจืฉืคื™ื ืžืขื™ื ื™ ื›ื•ืœื›ื (ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื) ืœื›ื• ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืงื˜... ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžืฉืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื•ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืงื” ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืงืกื™ื ื”ื”ื•ื ืฉืคืขื ื˜ื™ืคืก ืขืœ ื”ื’ื’ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืœืฆืขื•ืง ืืฉ... ืœื›ื• ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื... ื’ื ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืื™ืชื›ื ืื•ืœื™ ืื•ืœื™ ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื•ืœื™ ืชื‘ื•ื ื”ืžื•ื–ื” ืฉืœื•, ื ื–ืขืžื™ื ืคื ื™ื”, ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืชืœืชืœื™ื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืฉ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืจื™ืคื”... "

ื”ื™ื ืžืชื›ื•ื ื ืช ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืงื•ืจื ืงืจื™ืื” ืžืื“ ื—ื˜ื•ืคื” ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืงื˜ืข ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื’ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ... ื”ื™ื ืžืชืขืชื“ืช ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืคืจื™ื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ... ืœืชื•ืš ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืขืจืช... ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ื’ ื•ืจื•ืื” ืžืฉื ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื ืฉืจืฃ, ืืœ ื”ืืœ ืฉื•ืจืฃ ืืช ืžืงื“ืฉื•...

ื”ื™ื ื‘ืช ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืืจื™ืกื˜ื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืขืชื™ื“ื” ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืงืฉื” ืžืื“ ืžื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•... ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื–'ื™ื•ื•ืื’ื• (ื‘ื•ืจื™ืก ืคืกื˜ืจื ืง ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ืœื™ืื•ื ื™ื“ ืคืกื˜ืจื ืง)...

ืืชื” ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื’'ื ื‘ื” ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘... ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืฉื•ืงืงื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืืกื˜ื˜ื™ืช... ื™ืœื“ ืžืกื›ืŸ ื•ืžืคื•ื—ื“... ื–ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืืชื” ื ืœื—ื ื‘ืฉื’ืจืช ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ื•ืื™ื ืš ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ื™ื—ืœืฅ ืžืžื ื”. ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื. ืื ื™ ื ืื‘ืงืช ื‘ืฉื’ืจื”...

ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ ืื•ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ โ€“ ืœื ื‘ื–'ื ื‘ื” ืฉืœ 1908 ืืœื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืœ 1908... ื•ืืชื”? โ€“ ืžืชื™ ืชืชื ืชืง ืžื”ืฉื’ืจื” ืฉืœืš? ื”ืจื™ ืืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘ืข ื‘ื” (ืฉื•ื‘ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขื ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ)...

ื”ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ืœื ื• ื‘ืื™ื™ืงื•ืŸ... ื‘ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื”ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื—ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื•.... ื”ืžืกืžืš ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื”ื™ื... ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื™ืงืจืื• ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืฉืžื” ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื”ืกื•ืฃ ืฉืœื” ืžืื“ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืจื—ืœ. ื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื›ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื ื”ื™ื ืžืชื” ืžืฉื—ืคืช. (ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื—ืžืŸ ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืืจืฅ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืชื”... ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืืŸ ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื. ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ื™ืงื‘ืจื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื‘ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืžืคืœื“ื•ืจ , ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืืฆืœ ื”ืฉื ื™...

ื”ื™ื ื ืืœืฆืช ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื›ื™ ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืžื ืกื™ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืืœืฆืช ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืœื ื” ื•ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื’ืžื ืกื™ื” ื”ืจืฆืœื™ื” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘... ื”ื™ื ื ืืœืฆืช ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืืช ื”ื’ื’ ืฉืžืžื ื• ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืจืช ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืขืจืช. ื”ืฉื•ืงืขืช ื‘ืฉืงื™ืขื”... ื”ื™ื ื”ืืœ ื”ืจื•ืฉื ืืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื”ื ื™ืฆืชืช ื‘ื ืฉืžืชื”/ื ืฉืžืชื•. ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ ื”ื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืžื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื... ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื ื™ืจื•ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื’... ื•ืจื•ืฉื ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื ืฉืจืคืช... ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืจื™ืคื”... ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื” ืืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืคื”...

ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืฃ ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื โ€“ ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื™ืจืช ื”ืจื•ืฉืžืช ืืช ื”ืืฉ ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ืจื” ืฉืœื” ื”ืฆื™ื™ืจืช ืฉื ืคืฉื” ื ืฉืจืคื”... ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ื–ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืžื”ื’ื’ ืฉืœื”... ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืขืจืช... ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื... ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื’ ื›ืžื• ื ื™ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืจืฃ ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื—ืžืŸ ืฆื•ืขืง ืืฉ ืืฉ ืืฉ ... ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืคื ื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืžืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื” 5... ืกืฆื ืช ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ... ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ืคื ื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืฉืฉื™ื ืžืขืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืžืขืช ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืขื•ื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ื™ ืชื—ืช ื›ื ืคืš...

ื”ื™ื ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช... ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืœื‘ื” ื”ืจื•ืชื—ืช ืฉืœ ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ...



(ื‘) ื›ึผื•ึนื›ึธื‘ึดื™ื ื ึดืชึผึฐื–ื•ึผ ืžึดืŸ-ื”ึทืฉึผึนึธืžึทื™ึดื ื”ึทืงึผึฐืœื•ึผื™ึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึผึฐื›ื•ึผ ืจึฐืฉืึธืคึดื™ื ืจึฐืฉืึธืคึดื™ื ืึทืจึฐืฆึธื”.


ื›ึผื•ึนื›ึธื‘ึดื™ื ื ึดืชึผึฐื–ื•ึผ ืžึดืŸ-ื”ึทืฉึผึนึธืžึทื™ึดื ื”ึทืงึผึฐืœื•ึผื™ึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึผึฐื›ื•ึผ ืจึฐืฉืึธืคึดื™ื ืจึฐืฉืึธืคึดื™ื ืึทืจึฐืฆึธื” - ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืžืžืฉ ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืฅ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืขืžื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”. ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื—ืžืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืคืข ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฆื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืžื™ืช ืงื•ืกืžื™ืช, ืืœ ื–ื•ืขื ืžืฉืœื™ืš ืืจืฆื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ ื”ื ืคืฅ ืฉืœื•, ื•ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ื”ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ ื”ื ืคืฅ ื”ืœืœื• ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฅ ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ืฉืŸ. ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื’ืช ื”ืืฉ ื”ื–ืืช ืฉื•ืื’ ืืœื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ืงื” ืจื•ืขืžืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืžื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื—ืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืขื“ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื™ื, (ืืœื”ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืžืื“ ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•. ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืจื•ื ืœืขืฆืžื• ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื). ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืงืข ื‘ืชื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื“ื›ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืื‘ื“ ืืช ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ืฉืคื™ื•ืชื•. ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉืงื˜ ื”ืจื•ืขื ืฉื‘ืงืฆื” ืœื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื•ืœื— ื”ื–ื” ื™ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืžืœืืš ื’ื•ืืœ ื•ืื™ืœืช ืฉื—ืจ ื•ื™ื ืกื• ืœื˜ืขืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื™ื™ื. ื›ืš ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื• ื—ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื. ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ืžื•ืคืข ื’ืจื ื“ื™ื•ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื ื•ืœื“. ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืกืคืจืช ืืช ืกืคื•ืจื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื... ื›ืœ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืคืขืœื• ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ื™ืงื•ืžื• ืœืชื—ื™ื” ืžืชื•ืš ืืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืงืœื•ื™ื™ื. ื”ืขืœืžื” ืชืชื•ืืจ ื›ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืขืœื ื™ืชื•ืืจ ื›ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื ื“ื— ื•ื”ืขืœืžื” ืชืชื•ืืจ ื›"ืกื˜ืืจ" ืžื”ืžื, ื•ื›ืœ ืžืืชื™ื ื”ืขืœืžื•ืช ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืคืœื™ื ื•ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื“ ืœื ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืืœื ืžึทื—ึฒืจึนื–ึถืช ืึฒืจึปื›ึผึธื” ืฉืึถืœ-ืขึตื™ื ึทื™ึดื ื ึดืคึฐืงึธื—ื•ึนืช ืคึผึดืชึฐืึนื ื ึดืฆึฐื ึฐืฆื•ึผ ืจึถื’ึทืข ื›ึผึทื›ึผื•ึนื›ึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึผึดื›ึฐื‘ึผื•ึผ... ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื’ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื ืฉืžืชืจื•ืฆืฆื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืคื™ื ื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืื™ื ื ืืœื ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ื ื™ื ื ืคืงื—ื•ืช ืคืชืื•ื ื ืฆื ืฆื• ืจื’ืข ื›ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ื›ื‘ื•... ืžื”ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืžึถืฉึถืš ื”ืžื’ื•ื—ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืœืช ื”ื–ืืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื ืฆื— ืฉืœ ืœื™ืœ ื”ืžืคืฅ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืชืคื•ืฆืฆื™ื ื ืฆื ืฆื• ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื™ื›ื‘ื•... ื•ื’ื ื”ืžึถืฉึถืš ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืœื™ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืชืคื•ืฆืฆื™ื ื”ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ืจื’ืขื™ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื”ืขื ืง ืฉืงื“ื ืœื•...

ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืจื™ืงื•ืฉื˜ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื™ืชื–ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื... ืœืคืชื— ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืคืฅ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื โ€“ ืฉืชื™ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ื ื‘ื•ืขืจ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืชื•ืกื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ื ื™ื ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืืช ืกืคื•ืจ ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืชื•... (ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ ื›ืžืคืฅ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืฉืจื™ืคืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื›ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช...)


ื›ึผื•ึนื›ึธื‘ึดื™ื ื ึดืชึผึฐื–ื•ึผ ืžึดืŸ-ื”ึทืฉึผึนึธืžึทื™ึดื ื”ึทืงึผึฐืœื•ึผื™ึดื™ื - ืžึดืžึผึธืจื•ึนื ืฉืึธืœึทื— ืึตืฉื ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืฆึฐืžึนืชึทื™ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืจึฐื“ึผึถื ึผึธื” ืคึผึธืจึทืฉื‚ ืจึถืฉืึถืช ืœึฐืจึทื’ึฐืœึทื™ ื”ึฑืฉืึดื™ื‘ึทื ึดื™ ืึธื—ื•ึนืจ ื ึฐืชึธื ึทื ึดื™ ืฉืึนืžึตืžึธื” ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื“ึผึธื•ึธื” (ืื™ื›ื” ื ื™ื’)

ื›ืœ ืจืขื™ื” ื‘ื’ื“ื• ื‘ื”. ื–ื” ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื•ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื–ื›ื•ืช, ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื™ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืขืœื™ื›ื? ืืžืจื• ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืื—ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื™ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืขืœื™ื›ื?,ืืžืจื• ืœื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื ืฉื‘ืข ืื ื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืืชื ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื ืžืฆื™ืชื™ื ื‘ื™ /ื‘ื•/ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ, ืžื™ื“ ื ื˜ืœื• ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื•ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ ืฉื ื™ ืœืคื™ื“ื™ ืืฉ ื•ื”ืฆื™ืชื• ืืฉ ื‘ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื”', ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืงื•ืจื ืงื™ื ื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ ืžืžืจื•ื ืฉืœื— ืืฉ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืชื™ ื•ื™ืจื“ื ื” (ืžื“ืจืฉ ื–ื•ื˜ื ืื™ื›ื” โ€“ ืคืจืฉื” ื... ืกืคืจ ื”ืื’ื“ื” ื›ืจืš ื ืคืจืง ื– (ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืจืืฉื•ืŸ) ืื’ื“ื” ื‘ ืขืž' ืงื•)


ื›ึผื•ึนื›ึธื‘ึดื™ื ื ึดืชึผึฐื–ื•ึผ ืžึดืŸ-ื”ึทืฉึผึนึธืžึทื™ึดื ื”ึทืงึผึฐืœื•ึผื™ึดื™ื - ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืงืคืœื” ื”ืกื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืขืžื“ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ "ื”ืงืคืœื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”" (ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช: Cappella Maggiore). ืžื‘ื ื” ื–ื” ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื›ืžืงื•ื ื”ื”ืชื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžืžืกื“ ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจื™ ื•ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื ื ืงืจืื• "ืงืคืœืช ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ" (Capella Papalis). ืœืฆื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ "ื”ืงืคืœื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”" ืคืขืœื” ื’ื ืงืคืœื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ - "ืงืคืœืช ื ื™ืงื•ืœืืก" (Chapel of Pope Nicholas V), ืฉื ืงืจืื” ืขืœ ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื ื™ืงื•ืœืืก ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื•ืฉื™ืžืฉื” ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื“ื•ืžื”. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ ืกื™ืงืกื˜ื•ืก ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™. ืขืžื“ื” ื”ืงืคืœื” ื‘ืกื›ื ืช ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื•ืงื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื™ื• ืขืงื•ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœื‘ื ื•ืชื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ื‘ืืฆ'ื• ืคื•ื ื˜ืœื™ (Baccio Pontelli), ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ื”ืงืคืœื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื” ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื "ืš. ื‘ื ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงืคืœื”, ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ 40.5 ืžื˜ืจ, ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืฉืœ 13.2 ืžื˜ืจ ื•ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ 20.7 ืžื˜ืจ, ื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1477 ื ืžืฉื›ื” ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 1480. ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ืฉืœื— ืœื•ืจื ืฆื• ื“ื” ืžื“ื™ืฆ'ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืคื™ื™ื˜ืจื• ืคืจื•ื’'ื™ื ื• (Pietro Perugino) ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืขื˜ืจื• ืืช ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื”.... ื›ื™ืคืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืขื•ื˜ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื’ืžื ื˜ ืื•ืœื˜ืจืืžืจื™ืŸ. ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ืœืื• ื‘ื“ื’ื ืžืขื’ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื–ื”ื‘. (ืขืจืš ื”ืงืืคืœื” ื”ืกื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช, ื‘ืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”)

ื"ืจ ื—ื ื™ื ื ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืžื”ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื•) ื•ื™ืขืฉ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื—ืœื•ื ื™ ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื ืื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืงื•ืคื•ืช ืื˜ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืจื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื"ืจ ืœื•ื™ ืžืฉืœ ืœืžืœืš ืฉื‘ื ื” ืœื• ื˜ืจืงืœื™ืŸ ื•ืขืฉื” ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืžืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืจื” ืœืชื•ื›ื” ืื‘ืœ ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืŸ ืืœื ืžืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ืฆื“ืง ืฉืืœ ืœืจ' ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ืจ ื ื—ืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ืขืœื™ืš ืฉืืชื” ื‘ืขืœ ืื’ื“ื” ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฆื ืœืขื•ืœื ืืžืจ ืœื• ื ืชืขื˜ืฃ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื›ืฉืœืžื” ื•ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืง ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืžื–ื™ื• ื”ื“ืจื• ืืžืจ ืœื• ื‘ืœื—ื™ืฉื” ืืžืจ ืœื• ืžืงืจื ืžืœื ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื“) ืขื•ื˜ื” ืื•ืจ ื›ืฉืœืžื” ื ื•ื˜ื” ืฉืžื™ื ื›ื™ืจื™ืขื” ื•ืืช ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™ ื‘ืœื—ื™ืฉื” ืืžืจ ื›ืฉื ืฉืืžืจื•ื” ื‘ืœื—ื™ืฉื” ื›ืš ืืžืจืชื™ ืœืš ื‘ืœื—ื™ืฉื” ื"ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื™ื” ืืœื•ืœื™ ืฉื“ืจืฉื” ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืื•ืžืจื” ื•ืงืžื™ ืžืŸ ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื”ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ืŸ ื"ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง ืžืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืฉื ืื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื”"ื“ (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืžื’) ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืœื”ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื ืžื“ืจืš ื”ืงื“ื™ื ื•ืงื•ืœื• ื›ืงื•ืœ ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืื™ืจื” ืžื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืืœื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื“ืืช ืืžืจ (ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื™ื–) ื›ืกื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืจื•ื ืžืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืžืงื“ืฉื ื•. (ื•ื™ืงืจื ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ืœื ืกื™ืžืŸ ื–)




(ื’) ื”ึฒื‘ึธืขึทื˜ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึดืกึฐืื•ึน ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึผึฐื ึทืคึผึตืฅ ืœึดืจึฐืกึดื™ืกึดื™ื ื›ึผึดืชึฐืจื•ึน?


ื”ึฒื‘ึธืขึทื˜ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึดืกึฐืื•ึน ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื - ืึตื™ื›ึธื” ื™ึธืขึดื™ื‘ ื‘ึผึฐืึทืคึผื•ึน ืึฒื“ึนื ึธื™ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึทืช ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื”ึดืฉืึฐืœึดื™ืšึฐ ืžึดืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ืึถืจึถืฅ ืชึผึดืคึฐืึถืจึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื–ึธื›ึทืจ ื”ึฒื“ึนื ืจึทื’ึฐืœึธื™ื• ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ืึทืคึผื•ึน: (ืื™ื›ื” ื‘ ื)

ืžื” ืขืฉื” (ื—ื ืžืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื•)? - ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืข ืืช ืฉืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื, ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืชืœืื” ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ, ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืขื˜ ื‘ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื ืคืœื”, ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืœื™ืš ืžืฉืžื™ื ืืจืฅ ื•ื’ื•' (ืžื“ืจืฉ ื–ื•ื˜ื ืื™ื›ื” โ€“ ืคืจืฉื” ื... ืกืคืจ ื”ืื’ื“ื” ื›ืจืš ื ืคืจืง ื– (ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืจืืฉื•ืŸ) ืื’ื“ื” ื‘ ืขืž' ืงื•)


ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื - "ืืœื”ื™ื" ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืืœ ื”ืืœื™ื ื‘"ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ". ื”ื•ื ื”"ื–ืื•ืก" ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื—ื™ื™ื-ื ื—ืžื ื™ืช. ื”ื”ืจื™ื, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ื ืืœื™ื ื”ืกืจื™ื ืœืžืจื•ืชื•, ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš "ืชึผึฐื”ึดื™ ื—ึดืชึผึทืช ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืขึทืœ-ื”ึถื”ึธืจึดื™ื" ืฉืžื• ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืœ ื”ืืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืžืงืจืื™ืช ื”ื•ื "ื™ื”ื•ื”". ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื—ืžืŸ ื ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื• ื‘ืฉื ื–ื”. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ ื™ืงืจื ื—ื™ื™ื-ื ื—ืžืŸ ืœืืœ ื”ืืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ืžื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฉื™ืจื™ืช ืื—ืจืช ืฉืœื•. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื™ืงืจื ืœื• ื‘ืฉื "ืืœื”ื™ื" ื‘ืฉื "ื™ื™" ื•ื‘ืฉื "ืฆื‘ืื•ืช"...


(ื“) ื•ึฐืงึดืจึฐืขึตื™ ืขึฒื ึธื ึดื™ื ืžึฐืึธื“ึผึธืžึดื™ื, ื˜ึฐืขื•ึผื ึตื™ ื“ึธื ื•ึธืึตืฉื, ืชึผึธืขื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืžึถืจึฐื—ึฒื‘ึตื™ ื”ึทืœึผึธื™ึฐืœึธื”. (ื”) ื•ึทื™ึผึฐืชึทื ึผื•ึผ ื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื”ึถื”ึธืจึดื™ื ื”ึธืจึฐื—ื•ึนืงึดื™ื ืึถืช-ื–ึทืขึทื ืึตืœ ื ึฐืงึธืžื•ึนืช, ื•ึทื—ึฒืžึธืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืฆื•ึผืจึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ื”ึดื’ึผึดื™ื“ื•ึผ.


ื•ึฐืงึดืจึฐืขึตื™ ืขึฒื ึธื ึดื™ื ืžึฐืึธื“ึผึธืžึดื™ื, ื˜ึฐืขื•ึผื ึตื™ ื“ึธื ื•ึธืึตืฉื ืชึผึธืขื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืžึถืจึฐื—ึฒื‘ึตื™ ื”ึทืœึผึธื™ึฐืœึธื” - ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืžื•ึนืคึฐืชึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึผื‘ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื“ึผึธื ื•ึธืึตืฉื ื•ึฐืชึดื™ืžึฒืจื•ึนืช ืขึธืฉืึธืŸ: ื”ึทืฉึผืึถืžึถืฉื ื™ึตื”ึธืคึตืšึฐ ืœึฐื—ึนืฉืึถืšึฐ ื•ึฐื”ึทื™ึผึธืจึตื—ึท ืœึฐื“ึธื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึผื•ึนื ื™ื•ึนื ื™ื”ื•ื” ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืจึธื (ื™ื•ืืœ ื’ ื’-ื“)

ื”ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ "ื“ื ื•ืืฉ" ื˜ื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ืจื–ื” ื”ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช "ื“ื ื•ืืฉ ื•ืชืžืจื•ืช ืขืฉืŸ" ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื™ืœ ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœืงื•ื— ืžืชื•ืš ืชื™ืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืืœ ืืช ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื”ืื™ื•ื ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืž ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื - ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื”ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ืฉืž ืžื•ืคืชื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ื”ืžื•ืคืชื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื ื•ืืฉ ื•ืชืžืจื•ืช ืขืฉืŸ. ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ื”ื’ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืคืกื— ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืคืชื™ื ื”ืžื“ืžืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืœื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืืฉ ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•:

ื•ื™ึผื•ึนืฆึดืึตื ื•ึผ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืžึดืžึผึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ ื—ึฒื–ึธืงึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึดื–ึฐืจึนืขึท ื ึฐื˜ื•ึผื™ึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึนืจึธื ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืึนืชื•ึนืช ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึนืคึฐืชึดื™ื:

ื•ึทื™ึผื•ึนืฆึดืึตื ื•ึผ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืžึดืžึผึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื - ืœึนื ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ืžึทืœึฐืึธืšึฐ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉื‚ึธืจึธืฃ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉืึธืœึดื™ื—ึท. ืึถืœึผึธื ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึดื›ึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ื•ึน ื•ึผื‘ึฐืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน... ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ ื—ึฒื–ึธืงึธื” - ื–ื•ึน ื”ึทื“ึผึถื‘ึถืจ. ื›ึผึฐืžึธื” ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ, ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื™ึทื“ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื”ื•ึนื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืงึฐื ึฐืšึธ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึทืฉึผื‚ึธื“ึถื” ื‘ึผึทืกึผื•ึผืกึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทื—ึฒืžื•ึนืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทื’ึผึฐืžึทืœึผึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึธืงึธืจ ื•ึผื‘ึทืฆึผึนืืŸ ื“ึผึถื‘ึถืจ ื›ึผึธื‘ึตื“ ืžึฐืึนื“: ื•ึผื‘ึดื–ึฐืจึนืขึท ื ึฐื˜ื•ึผื™ึธื” - ื–ื•ึน ื”ึทื—ึถืจึถื‘. ื›ึผึฐืžึธื” ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ, ื•ึฐื—ึทืจึฐื‘ึผื•ึน ืฉืึฐืœื•ึผืคึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ื•ึน ื ึฐื˜ื•ึผื™ึธื” ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธื™ึดื: ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžื•ึนืจึธื ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ - ื–ื•ึน ื’ึผึดืœึผื•ึผื™ ืฉืึฐื›ึดื™ื ึธื”. ื›ึผึฐืžึธื” ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ, ืื•ึน ื”ึฒื ึดืกึผึธื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืœึธื‘ึนื ืœึธืงึทื—ึทืช ืœื•ึน ื’ึผื•ึนื™ ืžึดืงึผึถืจึถื‘ ื’ึผื•ึนื™ ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืกึผื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐืึนืชึนืช ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžื•ึนืคึฐืชึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ึธื“ ื—ึฒื–ึธืงึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึดื–ึฐืจื•ึนืขึท ื ึฐื˜ื•ึผื™ึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžื•ึนืจึธืึดื™ื ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึดื™ื ื›ึผึฐื›ึนืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ืœึธื›ึถื ื™ึฐืœึฐืขึตื™ื ึถื™ืšึธ: ื•ึผื‘ึฐืึนืชื•ึนืช - ื–ึถื” ื”ึทืžึผึทื˜ึผึถื”. ื›ึผึฐืžึธื” ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ, ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึทื˜ึผึถื” ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ืชึผึดืงึผึทื— ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ึถืšึธ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื‘ึผื•ึน ืึถืช ื”ึธืึนืชึนืช: ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžื•ึนืคึฐืชึดื™ื - ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื“ึผึธื. ื›ึผึฐืžึธื” ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ. ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืžื•ึนืคึฐืชึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึผื‘ึธืึธืจึถืฅ" - ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืชื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื• ืžื“ืงืœืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื™ืœ ืกื“ืจ ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื”, ื•ื’ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืืชื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืš. ืžื“ืจืฉ ื–ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžืืชื ื• ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” "ืงื˜ืข ื—ื™ืžื•ื" ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื— ืฉื™ื•ืคื™ืข ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ื•. ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช "ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžื•ึนืคึฐืชึดื™ื - ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื“ึผึธื. ื›ึผึฐืžึธื” ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ. ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืžื•ึนืคึฐืชึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึผื‘ึธืึธืจึถืฅ", ืžืžืชื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืกื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ื›ื•ืก ื™ื™ืŸ ืื“ื•ื ื•ืžืœื, ื•ืื–, ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ื”ืื•ืช, ืžื’ื‘ื™ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ืืช ืงื•ืœื ื•ืžื›ืจื™ื–ื™ื ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ื•ืช: ื“ึผึธื, ื•ึธืึตืฉื, ื•ึฐืชึดืžึฐืจื•ึนืช ืขึธืฉืึธืŸ, ื•ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืืช ืืฆื‘ืขื• ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื” ื‘ืืฆื‘ืขื• ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื ืžืŸ ื”ืืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืชืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืŸ. ื•ื›ืš, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื–ืื” ืคื•ืœื—ื ื™ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื ื” ื”ืŸ ืืช ืœื™ืœ ื”ื“ื ื•ื”ืืฉ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื (ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื) ื•ื”ืŸ ืืช ืœื™ืœ ื”ื“ื ื•ื”ืืฉ ื”ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืฉื”ื•ื, ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข, ื—ืœืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืžื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืž ื”ืงืจื‘ (ืจื™ืฉ ืฆืจื•ื™ื”) ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื ืœื™ืœื”...

ืื‘ืœ ืœื™ืœ ื”"ื“ื ื•ืืฉ ื•ืชืžืจื•ืช ืขืฉืŸ" ืฉื—"ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืœื ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืœื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืฉืžืชื•ืš ืชื”ื•ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืžื•ืฉื” ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื• โ€“ ืœื™ืœ ื”ื“ื ื•ื”ืืฉ ืฉืœ "ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ" ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืœื” ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืื—ืจ โ€“ ืœื™ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ (ืฉื’ื ืื•ืชื•, ื›ืš ื™ืกืชื‘ืจ, ืฉื•ืžืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืืชื ื• ื‘ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœื•). ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื ื• ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ืœื” (ื•ืœื”ื™ืคืš) ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืžืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืžื”ืคืš ืฉืœ ื—"ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ื‘ื” ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ื™ืคื•ื›ื•...

[1] ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึทืจ ืžึฐื“ึธื‘ึผึตืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘? ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ืžื”ื• ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” (ืขืœ ืคื™ ืคืฉื˜ ื”ืกืคื•ืจ) ื•ื‘ืืœื• ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืืจืฆื•ืช ืžืชื—ื•ืœืœืช ืขืœื™ืœืชื”? ื”ื ื” ืกืงื™ืจื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช: ื”ืคืจืง ื”ื–ื” (ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ) ื•ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืžืชื—ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื ืฉืจืคืช ื›ืœื™ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืœื”ื™ื. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืคืจืง ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืžืฆื™ืœ ืžืœืืš ืฆืขื™ืจ ืื•ึผื“ ืืœื•ื”ื™, ื“ื•ืื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื ื•ื– ืืช ื”ืื•ื“ ืื™ ืฉื ื‘ืื™ ืฉื•ืžื, ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื“ืื™ื” ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืฉืจื•ืคื”. ื”ืคืจืง ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื•ืœื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืืชื™ื ืขืœืžื™ื ื•ืžืืชื™ื ืขืœืžื•ืช, ืžืคืฉื™ื˜ื ืขื™ืจื•ืžื™ื, ื•ืคื•ืจืง ืื•ืชื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื™ ืฉื•ืžื ืฉื‘ื• ื’ื ื•ื– ื”ืื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืฆืœ. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื•ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื™ื ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ื”ืขืœืžื™ื ื•ื”ืขืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื›ืœ. ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืœื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืงื•ืคืฆื™ื ืœืžื•ื•ืช ืืœ ื ื”ืจ ื”ืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื•ืจื ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื. ื’ื ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ื”ืฉืฉื™ ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืžืชื—ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื ื•ืฉื ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื™ื”ื ื”ื ืขืœื ื•ืขืœืžื” ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ ื˜ื‘ื™ืขื”. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืคืจืง ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื ืขืœืžืช ื”ืขืœืžื” ื‘ืื•ืจื— ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ืขืœื ืงื•ืคืฅ ืืœ ื ื”ืจ ื”ืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ. ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืง ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืฉ"ื”ึทืžึทึผื™ึดื ื”ึตืงึดื™ืื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึธืขึถืœึถื ืึถืœ-ืึถืจึถืฅ ืจึฐื—ื•ึนืงึธื” ืžึฐืึนื“, ืึถืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื ึตื›ึธืจ, ื”ึดื™ื ืึถืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื’ึผึธืœื•ึผืช". ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ืคืš ื”ืขืœื ืœืื™ืฉ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื’ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื—ื™ื• ื”ื’ื•ืœื™ื ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื”.

ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžืชื—ื•ืœืœืช ืขืœื™ืœืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื”, ืœืžืขื˜ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืื™ื ื ืžื–ื•ื”ื™ื. ื”ืžื’ึดืœื” ืœื ืžื’ึธืœื” ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžืžื•ืงื ื”ืื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื ื•ืžื”ื™ ืืจืฅ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืืœื™ื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืขืœื. ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข. ื”ืจื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคืฉื˜. (ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื ืกื— ... ืขืงืจื•ื ื™... )

ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืžื–ืจื—ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—. ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ืฉืœื™ (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื—ึทืœื•ึนืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืคื•ืชื— ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื—ึดืœื•ึผืŸ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื”) ื”ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืฆื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื›ืืช ืฆื•ืจื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื•ืืช ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ื›ื”ืจื™ ืžื•ืื‘. ื–ื” ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ื ืฉืงืฃ ืžืžืจื•ืžื™ ื”ืฆืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืืœ ื”ืฉื•ืจืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ื ื”ืœื”ื‘ื” ืฉืžืขืœ ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช...

ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื” ืฉืืœื™ื” ื™ื™ืคืœื˜ ื”ืขืœื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ. ื”ื ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.


ื•ึฐืงึดืจึฐืขึตื™ ืขึฒื ึธื ึดื™ื ืžึฐืึธื“ึผึธืžึดื™ื, ื˜ึฐืขื•ึผื ึตื™ ื“ึธื ื•ึธืึตืฉื, ืชึผึธืขื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืžึถืจึฐื—ึฒื‘ึตื™ ื”ึทืœึผึธื™ึฐืœึธื”. ื•ึทื™ึผึฐืชึทื ึผื•ึผ ื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื”ึถื”ึธืจึดื™ื ื”ึธืจึฐื—ื•ึนืงึดื™ื ืึถืช-ื–ึทืขึทื ืึตืœ ื ึฐืงึธืžื•ึนืช, ื•ึทื—ึฒืžึธืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืฆื•ึผืจึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ื”ึดื’ึผึดื™ื“ื•ึผ... ื•ึทืชึผึฐื”ึดื™ ื—ึดืชึผึทืช ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืขึทืœ-ื”ึถื”ึธืจึดื™ื ื”ึธืจึฐื—ื•ึนืงึดื™ื ื•ึฐื—ึดื™ืœ ืึธื—ึทื– ืึถืช-ืฆื•ึผืจึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ื”ึทื–ึผื•ึนืขึฒืคึดื™ื - ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืžื—ื•ืœ ืึตืœื™ื ืึธืœื™ื ื•ืžื“ืœื™ืง. ืื•ืคืจื” ืงืžืื™ืช ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช ืฉืœ ืืœื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื”ืœื™ื ื”ืžืชื—ืœื—ืœื™ื ืžืžื—ื•ืœ ื”ืืฉ ื”ืžื—ืจื™ื“ ืฉืืœื”ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืœืœ ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ืืคื ื•ืขืœ ื—ืžืชื. ื”ืืœื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ืœืœื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื ืงืจืขื™ ืขื ื ื™ื ืžืื“ืžื™ื, ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ ื“ื ื•ืืฉ, ื”ื ืžืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืื™ืžื” ืžื–ืจื—ื”, ื”ืจื—ืง ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืžืžื•ืงื“ ื”ืืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืืœ ื”ืžืฉืชื•ืœืœ. ืจืง ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ื ื™ื ื”ืžื“ืžืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ื ื“ื•ื“ ืขื“ ื”ืจื™ ืžื•ืื‘ ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื, ื•ืฉื, ืคืฆื•ืขื™ื ื•ืงืจื•ืขื™ื, ื”ื ื’ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืจื™ื ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืžืช ื”ืžืจื” ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ ื”ื–ืขื ื•ื”ื ืงื ืฉืœ ื”ืืœ ื”ืžืฉืชื•ืœืœ. ืœืžืฉืžืข ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื ืคืœื” ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ื—ืชืช ืืœื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื”ื—ืœื• ืœืจืงื•ื“ ื›ืืœื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื”ืœื™ื. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื ื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ืขื™ื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื•ื ืฉื‘ืจื•, ืžืคื•ืจืงื™ื ื•ืžืจื•ืกืงื™ื, ื‘ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื—ืกื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืจื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”. ื”ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืฉืงื™ืคื• ื‘ืื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืืœื”ื™ื ื”ื ืฉืจืฃ ื‘ืžืขืจื‘, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ื›ื™ ืืœ ื–ื•ืขื ื”ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ื”ืชืงืฃ ืคื™ืจื•ืžื ื™ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ ืœืงื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืืœื™ื. ืžื™ื“ ื ืคืœ ืคื—ื“ ืืœื”ื™ื ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ืื—ื– ื‘ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื—ื– ืืช ื”ืจื™ ืžื•ืื‘ ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืจืงื“ื• ื›ืืœื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื”ืœื™ื ื•ืžืœืžืœื•: "ืืœ ื ืงืžื•ืช ื™ื™ ืืœ ื ืงืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื™ืข"... ื•ื”ืžืœืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœ ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ ืืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืœืœื• ื›ืื™ืœื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื”ืœื•ืช: "ืืœ ื ืงืžื•ืช ื™ื™ ืืœ ื ืงืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื™ืข..." (ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš)


ื•ึทื™ึผึฐืชึทื ึผื•ึผ ื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื”ึถื”ึธืจึดื™ื ื”ึธืจึฐื—ื•ึนืงึดื™ื ืึถืช ื–ึทืขึทื ืึตืœ ื ึฐืงึธืžื•ึนืช, ื•ึทื—ึฒืžึธืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืฆื•ึผืจึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ื”ึดื’ึผึดื™ื“ื•ึผ -

ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžื” ืฉื”ืชื ื‘ืื• ื›ืœ (ืจื•ื‘?) ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื–ืขืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืœ ืœื ื™ืฆื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ืขืžื• ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ื›ืœื•, ืื‘ืœ ืงืจืขื™ ื”ืขื ื ื™ื ื”ืชื•ืขื™ื ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื“ื ื•ืืฉ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื–ืขืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืœ ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืฅ. ืœื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืคืš ืืช ื—ืžืชื• ื•ืืช ื–ืขืžื•, ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžืžื•ืงื“ ื”ืจืขืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื”ื ื™ืชื‘ืฉืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ื ืžื™ ื“ืจืš ืื•ืชื ืงืจืขื™ ืขื ื ื™ื ืชื•ืขื™ื ื”ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื ื•ืืฉ. ื”ื ื™ืกืคืจื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ื–ืขืžื• ื•ื—ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืืœ ื ืงืžื•ืช... ื”ื–ืขื ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื "ืš (ืœืžืขื˜ ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ). ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžืงืจืื™ืช ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืฆื™ื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื›ืขืก ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ื ืจื“ืคื•ืช ื›ืฉื ืฉืฉืคืช ื”ืืกืงื™ืžื•ืกื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืกืคืง ืžื™ืœื™ื ื ืจื“ืคื•ืช ืœืฉืœื’. ื”ืืœ ื”ืžืงืจืื™ ืจื•ื’ื–, ืงื•ืฆืฃ, ืฉื•ืฆืฃ, ื›ื•ืขืก, ื–ื•ืขื, ืจื•ืชื—, ื—ื•ืจื”, ืžืชืžืœื ืขื‘ืจื”, ืืฉ ืงื•ื“ื—ืช ื‘ืืคื•... ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืกื™ื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžืงืจืื™ื™ื ืœื›ืขืก ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืกื™ื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžืงืจืื™ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืฉ. ืฆื™ืจื•ืคื™ื ืžืงืจืื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื—ืžืชื• ื‘ืขืจื” ื‘ื• ืื• ื›ืžื• ืืฉ ืงื“ื—ื” ื‘ืืคื• ื”ื ืžืื“ ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื. ื”ืชื "ืš ืžืœื ื‘ื”ื ื•ื—"ืŸ ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืœื™ืงื˜ ืžื”ื ืื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจืช ื–ืขื ื•ืืฉ... ื”ื ื” ื—ืœืง ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืžื•ืคืขื™ ื”ื–ืขื ื•ื”ื›ืขืก ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ โ€“ ื‘ื›ื•ืœื ืฆืคื” ื—"ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ืจืฉื ืžื”ื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ืจื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ.

ืึตืœ ืงึทื ึผื•ึนื ื•ึฐื ึนืงึตื ื™ื”ื•ื” ื ึนืงึตื ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ึผื‘ึทืขึทืœ ื—ึตืžึธื” ื ึนืงึตื ื™ื”ื•ื” ืœึฐืฆึธืจึธื™ื• ื•ึฐื ื•ึนื˜ึตืจ ื”ื•ึผื ืœึฐืึนื™ึฐื‘ึธื™ื•: ื™ื”ื•ื” ืึถืจึถืšึฐ ืึทืคึผึทื™ึดื ื•ึผื’ึฐื“ึธืœ ื›ึผึนื—ึท ื•ึฐื ึทืงึผึตื” ืœึนื ื™ึฐื ึทืงึผึถื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ื‘ึผึฐืกื•ึผืคึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึดืฉื‚ึฐืขึธืจึธื” ื“ึผึทืจึฐื›ึผื•ึน ื•ึฐืขึธื ึธืŸ ืึฒื‘ึทืง ืจึทื’ึฐืœึธื™ื•: ื’ึผื•ึนืขึตืจ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึธื ื•ึทื™ึผึทื‘ึผึฐืฉืึตื”ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื ึผึฐื”ึธืจื•ึนืช ื”ึถื—ึฑืจึดื™ื‘ ืึปืžึฐืœึทืœ ื‘ึผึธืฉืึธืŸ ื•ึฐื›ึทืจึฐืžึถืœ ื•ึผืคึถืจึทื— ืœึฐื‘ึธื ื•ึนืŸ ืึปืžึฐืœึธืœ: ื”ึธืจึดื™ื ืจึธืขึฒืฉืื•ึผ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึทื’ึผึฐื‘ึธืขื•ึนืช ื”ึดืชึฐืžึนื’ึธื’ื•ึผ ื•ึทืชึผึดืฉึผื‚ึธื ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืžึดืคึผึธื ึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืชึตื‘ึตืœ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื™ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึตื™ ื‘ึธื”ึผ: ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื–ึทืขึฐืžื•ึน ืžึดื™ ื™ึทืขึฒืžื•ึนื“ ื•ึผืžึดื™ ื™ึธืงื•ึผื ื‘ึผึทื—ึฒืจื•ึนืŸ ืึทืคึผื•ึน ื—ึฒืžึธืชื•ึน ื ึดืชึผึฐื›ึธื” ื›ึธืึตืฉื ื•ึฐื”ึทืฆึผึปืจึดื™ื ื ึดืชึผึฐืฆื•ึผ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ (ื ื—ื•ื ื ื‘-ื•)

ื•ึธืึถืฉืึฐืคึผึนืšึฐ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื–ึทืขึฐืžึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืึตืฉื ืขึถื‘ึฐืจึธืชึดื™ ื›ึผึดืœึผึดื™ืชึดื™ื ื“ึผึทืจึฐื›ึผึธื ื‘ึผึฐืจึนืืฉืึธื ื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ื ึฐืึปื ืึฒื“ึนื ึธื™ ื™ื”ื•ื” (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื‘ ืœื)

ื•ึฐืึตืœ ื–ึนืขึตื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื™ื•ึนื (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื– ื™ื‘)

ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฉื‚ึธื ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืึนืชื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ื•ึผืžื•ึนืคึฐืชึธื™ื• ื‘ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐื“ึตื” ืฆึนืขึทืŸ: ื•ึทื™ึผึทื”ึฒืคึนืšึฐ ืœึฐื“ึธื ื™ึฐืึนืจึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึฐื ึนื–ึฐืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื‘ึผึทืœ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึธื™ื•ึผืŸ: ื™ึฐืฉืึทืœึผึทื— ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื ืขึธืจึนื‘ ื•ึทื™ึผึนืื›ึฐืœึตื ื•ึผืฆึฐืคึทืจึฐื“ึผึตืขึท ื•ึทืชึผึทืฉืึฐื—ึดื™ืชึตื: ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ืœึถื—ึธืกึดื™ืœ ื™ึฐื‘ื•ึผืœึธื ื•ึดื™ื’ึดื™ืขึธื ืœึธืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึถื”: ื™ึทื”ึฒืจึนื’ ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึธืจึธื“ ื’ึผึทืคึฐื ึธื ื•ึฐืฉืึดืงึฐืžื•ึนืชึธื ื‘ึผึทื—ึฒื ึธืžึทืœ: ื•ึทื™ึผึทืกึฐื’ึผึตืจ ืœึทื‘ึผึธืจึธื“ ื‘ึผึฐืขึดื™ืจึธื ื•ึผืžึดืงึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึธืจึฐืฉืึธืคึดื™ื: ื™ึฐืฉืึทืœึผึทื— ื‘ึผึธื ื—ึฒืจื•ึนืŸ ืึทืคึผื•ึน ืขึถื‘ึฐืจึธื” ื•ึธื–ึทืขึทื ื•ึฐืฆึธืจึธื” ืžึดืฉืึฐืœึทื—ึทืช ืžึทืœึฐืึฒื›ึตื™ ืจึธืขึดื™ื: ื™ึฐืคึทืœึผึตืก ื ึธืชึดื™ื‘ ืœึฐืึทืคึผื•ึน ืœึนื ื—ึธืฉื‚ึทืšึฐ ืžึดืžึผึธื•ึถืช ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึธื ื•ึฐื—ึทื™ึผึธืชึธื ืœึทื“ึผึถื‘ึถืจ ื”ึดืกึฐื’ึผึดื™ืจ: ื•ึทื™ึผึทืšึฐ ื›ึผึธืœ ื‘ึผึฐื›ื•ึนืจ ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื ืจึตืืฉืึดื™ืช ืื•ึนื ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืึธื”ึณืœึตื™ ื—ึธื (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืขื— ืžื’-ื ื)

ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ืš ื”ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืคืชื™ื ื•ื–ืขื ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื ืก ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืื™ืš ื”ืžืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืชืชื”ืคื›ื ื” ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉื• ืฉืœ ื—"ืŸ


ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืจ ื’ึผึธื‘ึนื”ึผึท ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื’ึผึดื‘ึฐืขึธื” ื ึดืฉึผื‚ึธืึธื” ืคึผึฐืœึธื’ึดื™ื ื™ึดื‘ึฐืœึตื™ ืžึธื™ึดื ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ื”ึถืจึถื’ ืจึธื‘ ื‘ึผึดื ึฐืคึนืœ ืžึดื’ึฐื“ึผึธืœึดื™ื: ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืื•ึนืจ ื”ึทืœึผึฐื‘ึธื ึธื” ื›ึผึฐืื•ึนืจ ื”ึทื—ึทืžึผึธื” ื•ึฐืื•ึนืจ ื”ึทื—ึทืžึผึธื” ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึธืชึทื™ึดื ื›ึผึฐืื•ึนืจ ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื”ึทื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ื—ึฒื‘ึนืฉื ื™ื”ื•ื” ืึถืช ืฉืึถื‘ึถืจ ืขึทืžึผื•ึน ื•ึผืžึทื—ึทืฅ ืžึทื›ึผึธืชื•ึน ื™ึดืจึฐืคึผึธื: ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ืฉืึตื ื™ื”ื•ื” ื‘ึผึธื ืžึดืžึผึถืจึฐื—ึธืง ื‘ึผึนืขึตืจ ืึทืคึผื•ึน ื•ึฐื›ึนื‘ึถื“ ืžึทืฉึผื‚ึธืึธื” ืฉื‚ึฐืคึธืชึธื™ื• ืžึธืœึฐืื•ึผ ื–ึทืขึทื ื•ึผืœึฐืฉืื•ึนื ื•ึน ื›ึผึฐืึตืฉื ืึนื›ึธืœึถืช: ื•ึฐืจื•ึผื—ื•ึน ื›ึผึฐื ึทื—ึทืœ ืฉืื•ึนื˜ึตืฃ ืขึทื“ ืฆึทื•ึผึธืืจ ื™ึถื—ึฑืฆึถื” ืœึทื”ึฒื ึธืคึธื” ื’ื•ึนื™ึดื ื‘ึผึฐื ึธืคึทืช ืฉืึธื•ึฐื ื•ึฐืจึถืกึถืŸ ืžึทืชึฐืขึถื” ืขึทืœ ืœึฐื—ึธื™ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผึดื™ื: ื”ึทืฉึผืึดื™ืจ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึธื›ึถื ื›ึผึฐืœึตื™ืœ ื”ึดืชึฐืงึทื“ึผึถืฉื ื—ึธื’ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึทืช ืœึตื‘ึธื‘ ื›ึผึทื”ื•ึนืœึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึถื—ึธืœึดื™ืœ ืœึธื‘ื•ึนื ื‘ึฐื”ึทืจ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืึถืœ ืฆื•ึผืจ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ: ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืžึดื™ืขึท ื™ื”ื•ื” ืึถืช ื”ื•ึนื“ ืงื•ึนืœื•ึน ื•ึฐื ึทื—ึทืช ื–ึฐืจื•ึนืขื•ึน ื™ึทืจึฐืึถื” ื‘ึผึฐื–ึทืขึทืฃ ืึทืฃ ื•ึฐืœึทื”ึทื‘ ืึตืฉื ืื•ึนื›ึตืœึธื” ื ึถืคึถืฅ ื•ึธื–ึถืจึถื ื•ึฐืึถื‘ึถืŸ ื‘ึผึธืจึธื“: ื›ึผึดื™ ืžึดืงึผื•ึนืœ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื™ึตื—ึทืช ืึทืฉึผืื•ึผืจ ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึตื‘ึถื˜ ื™ึทื›ึผึถื”: ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึผึนืœ ืžึทืขึฒื‘ึทืจ ืžึทื˜ึผึตื” ืžื•ึผืกึธื“ึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึธื ึดื™ื—ึท ื™ื”ื•ื” ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื‘ึผึฐืชึปืคึผึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึดื ึผึนืจื•ึนืช ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึดืœึฐื—ึฒืžื•ึนืช ืชึผึฐื ื•ึผืคึธื” ื ึดืœึฐื—ึทื ื‘ึผึธื: ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืžึตืึถืชึฐืžื•ึผืœ ืชึผึธืคึฐืชึผึถื” ื’ึผึทื ื”ึดื™ื ืœึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื›ึธืŸ ื”ึถืขึฐืžึดื™ืง ื”ึดืจึฐื—ึดื‘ ืžึฐื“ึปืจึธืชึธื”ึผ ืึตืฉื ื•ึฐืขึตืฆึดื™ื ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตื” ื ึดืฉืึฐืžึทืช ื™ื”ื•ื” ื›ึผึฐื ึทื—ึทืœ ื’ึผึธืคึฐืจึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึนืขึฒืจึธื” ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืœ ื›ื”-ืœื’)

ื”ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึตื ึดื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึธืื•ึผ ืžึทื™ึดื ืขึทื“ ื ึธืคึถืฉื: ื˜ึธื‘ึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึดื™ื•ึตืŸ ืžึฐืฆื•ึผืœึธื” ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืžึธืขึณืžึธื“ ื‘ึผึธืืชึดื™ ื‘ึฐืžึทืขึฒืžึทืงึผึตื™ ืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืฉืึดื‘ึผึนืœึถืช ืฉืึฐื˜ึธืคึธืชึฐื ึดื™: ื™ึธื’ึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ื‘ึฐืงึธืจึฐืึดื™ ื ึดื—ึทืจ ื’ึผึฐืจื•ึนื ึดื™ ื›ึผึธืœื•ึผ ืขึตื™ื ึทื™ ืžึฐื™ึทื—ึตืœ ืœึตืืœึนื”ึธื™... ื”ึทืฆึผึดื™ืœึตื ึดื™ ืžึดื˜ึผึดื™ื˜ ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืึถื˜ึฐื‘ึผึธืขึธื” ืึดื ึผึธืฆึฐืœึธื” ืžึดืฉึผื‚ึนื ึฐืึทื™ ื•ึผืžึดืžึผึทืขึฒืžึทืงึผึตื™ ืžึธื™ึดื: ืึทืœ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐื˜ึฐืคึตื ึดื™ ืฉืึดื‘ึผึนืœึถืช ืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืชึผึดื‘ึฐืœึธืขึตื ึดื™ ืžึฐืฆื•ึผืœึธื” ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืชึผึถืึฐื˜ึทืจ ืขึธืœึทื™ ื‘ึผึฐืึตืจ ืคึผึดื™ื”ึธ: ืขึฒื ึตื ึดื™ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื›ึผึดื™ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผึถืšึธ ื›ึผึฐืจึนื‘ ืจึทื—ึฒืžึถื™ืšึธ ืคึผึฐื ึตื” ืึตืœึธื™: ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืชึผึทืกึฐืชึผึตืจ ืคึผึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ืžึตืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึถืšึธ ื›ึผึดื™ ืฆึทืจ ืœึดื™ ืžึทื”ึตืจ ืขึฒื ึตื ึดื™... ืชึผึถื—ึฐืฉืึทื›ึฐื ึธื” ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื”ึถื ืžึตืจึฐืื•ึนืช ื•ึผืžึธืชึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื ืชึผึธืžึดื™ื“ ื”ึทืžึฐืขึทื“: ืฉืึฐืคึธืšึฐ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื–ึทืขึฐืžึถืšึธ ื•ึทื—ึฒืจื•ึนืŸ ืึทืคึผึฐืšึธ ื™ึทืฉึผื‚ึดื™ื’ึตื: (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืกื˜ ื‘-ื›ื”)

ื—"ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืกืจืงืกื˜ื™ ืฉืœื•. ื”ื•ื ืžืจืื” ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืž ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื ืื™ื ื ื• ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื•ืคืš ื”ืฉืž ืืช ื—ืžืชื• ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ื“ืขื•ืš ืืœื ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื” (ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื”ืขืœืžื™ื ื•ื”ืขืœืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ื‘ื–ืจื•ืข ื ื˜ื•ื™ื” ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืžื•ืฉืคืœื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืจืื• ืื™ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื.). ื•ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืคืš ื—ืžืชื• ืืœื ืขืœื™ื• ืขืฆืžื•... ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืจืฃ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ืœื• ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ืžืชื• ื•ื‘ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืกืื• ื•ืžื ืคืฅ ืœืจืกื™ืกื™ื ืืช ื›ืชืจื• ื•ืงื•ืจืข ืืช ื’ืœื™ืžืช ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• (ื”ืคืจืคื•ืจ-ื™ื” ืฉืœื•). ืืœืžืœื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืื•ืžืจื•, ืื‘ืœ ื—"ืŸ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื”ืฉืž ืžืื‘ื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•, ืื• ื‘ืฉืคื” ืขืžืžื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชื’ืข. ื”ืจื™ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชื ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืื‘ื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”. ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื—ืžืŸ ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืืŸ. ื”ื•ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ืœื™ ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” (ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื™ื ืœืชื™ืื•ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ื’ืจื•ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื”ืจื™ื’ื”... ืžืฆืžืจืจ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”?... ) ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืžื ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืžื›ื•ื ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™ ื•ืฉืจื™ืคืชื• ื•ืฉืœ ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ. ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืฉืคื•ืš ื—ืžืชืš ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ื“ืขื•ืš ืืœื ืฉืคื•ืš ื—ืžืชืš ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ


(ื•) ื”ึฒืงึธืจึทืข ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึถืช-ื”ึทืคึผึธืจึฐืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ึผึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดื–ึถืจ ืงึฐืจึธืขึถื™ื”ึธ ืœึธืจื•ึผื—ึท?


ื”ึฒืงึธืจึทืข ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึถืช-ื”ึทืคึผึธืจึฐืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ึผึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดื–ึถืจ ืงึฐืจึธืขึถื™ื”ึธ ืœึธืจื•ึผื—ึท? - ืคืจืคื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ(!) ืฉืœ ื—"ืŸ ืœืžืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช (ืคืจืกื™ืช?) ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืคื™ืจืคื™ืจื™ื”, ืคื™ืจืคืจื™ืŸ, ืคื•ืจืคื™ืจื”, ืคื•ืจืคืจื™ื” ื•ืขื•ื“. ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืจืื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ืจื•ืžื– ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืคืจืคื•ืจ-ื™ื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืคืจืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื™ื”. ื›ืš ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—. ืžืขืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืคืจืคื•ืจื™ื” ืœื’ืœื™ืžื” ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืื‘ื™ื–ืจื™ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื›ืชืจ, ืฉืจื‘ื™ื˜, ื›ืกื ื”ืžืœืš ื•ืขื•ื“. ื‘ืงืจื™ืื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื—"ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืžืื™ื›ื” "ื‘ืฆืข ื™ื”ื•ื” (ื”ืฉืž) ืืžืจืชื• โ€“ ื‘ืฆืข ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืงืจืข (ื‘ื–ืข) ื•ืืžืจืชื• ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื“, ืืžืจื”. ื•ื–ืืช ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืžื”ืคืฉื˜ ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฆืข ื”ืฉืž ืืžืจืชื• ืืฉืจ ื–ืžื ืœืขืฉื•ืช... ื—"ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” โ€“ ื”ื‘ืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืกืื• ืืœื”ื™ื? ื”ื ื™ืคืฅ ืœืจืกื™ืกื™ื ื›ืชืจื•? ื”ืงืจืข ืืœื”ื™ื ืืช ืฉืœืžืช (ื’ืœื™ืžืช) ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื•?

ื‘ืจ ืงืคืจื ืคืชื— ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™"ื™ ืืœื”ื™ื ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื›ื™ ื•ืœืžืกืคื“ ื•ืœืงืจื—ื” ื•ืœื—ื’ื•ืจ ืฉืง (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื›ื‘: ื™ื‘). ื' ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช, ืžืœืš ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื”, ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืชื•ืœื” ืฉืง ืขืœ ืคืชื—ื•, ื' ืœื”ืŸ ืืฃ ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ, ืืœื‘ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื™ื ืงื“ืจื•ืช ื•ื’' (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื : ื’). ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืœ ืœื”ื ืžืœืš ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื”, ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืžื›ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื, ืืž' ืœื”ื ืืฃ ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ, ืฉืžืฉ ื•ื™ืจื— ืงื“ืจื• ื•ื’' (ื™ื•ืืœ ื“: ื˜ื•). ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืœ ืœื”ื ืžืœืš ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื”, ืืžืจื• ืžื”ืœืš ื™ื—ืฃ, ื' ืœื”ื ืืฃ ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ, ื™"ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื” ื•ื‘ืกืขืจื” ื“ืจื›ื• ื•ืขื ืŸ ื•ื’' (ื ื—ื•ื ื: ื’). ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืœ ืœื”ืŸ ืžืœืš ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื”, ืืžืจื• ืœื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ื“ื•ืžื, ื' ืœื”ืŸ ืืฃ ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ื“ื“ ื•ื™ื“ื•ื ื›ื™ ื ื˜ืœ ืขืœื™ื• (ืื™ื›ื” ื’: ื›ื—). ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืœ ืœื”ืŸ, ืžืœืš ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื“ื ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื”, ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืžื›ืคื” ืืช ื”ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช, ืืž' ืœื”ื ืืฃ ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ, ื—ื–ื” ื”ื•ืช ืขื“ ื“ื™ ื›ืจืกื•ื•ืŸ ืจืžื™ื• (ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื–: ื˜). ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืœ ืœื”ื, ืžืœืš ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื”, ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืžื‘ื–ืข ืคื™ืจืคืจื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•, ืืž' ืœื”ื ืืฃ ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ, ืขืฉื” ื™"ื™ ืืฉืจ ื–ืžื ื‘ืฆืข ืืžืจืชื• (ืื™ื›ื” ื‘: ื™ื–). ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฆืข ืืžืจืชื•, ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื“ื›ืคืจ ื—ื ืŸ ื' ืžื‘ื–ืข ืคื™ืจืคื™ืจื™ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืœ ืœื”ื ืžืœืš ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื”, ืืžืจื• ืœื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืžืงื•ื ืŸ, ืืž' ืœื”ื ืืฃ ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ, ืื™ื›ื” ื™ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื“ื“ (ืฉื /ืื™ื›ื”/ ื: ื). (ืคืกื™ืงืชื ื“ืจื‘ ื›ื”ื ื (ืžื ื“ืœื‘ื•ื™ื) ืคื™ืกืงื ื˜ื• - ืื™ื›ื” ื“"ื” [ื’] ื‘ืจ ืงืคืจื)

ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื–ึธืžึธื ื‘ึผึดืฆึผึทืข ืึถืžึฐืจึธืชื•ึน ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฆึดื•ึผึธื” ืžึดื™ืžึตื™ ืงึถื“ึถื ื”ึธืจึทืก ื•ึฐืœึนื ื—ึธืžึธืœ ื•ึทื™ึฐืฉื‚ึทืžึผึทื— ืขึธืœึทื™ึดืšึฐ ืื•ึนื™ึตื‘ ื”ึตืจึดื™ื ืงึถืจึถืŸ ืฆึธืจึธื™ึดืšึฐ (ืื™ื›ื” ื‘ ื™ื–) ื‘ืฆืข ืืžืจืชื• - ืืžืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช ืžืœืš ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืžืช ืžื”ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ืืžืจื• ืœื™ื”, ืงื•ืจืข ืฉื™ืจืื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•, ืืžืจ ืœื”ื• ื›ืš ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”, ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ืฆืข ืืžืจืชื• [ืž"ืจ ืคืจืฉื” ื' ืคืกื•ืง ื'] (ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืชืžื™ืžื”)

ื"ืจ ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ืจ ื–ืขื™ืจื ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืื™ื›ื” ื‘) ืขืฉื” ื”' ืืฉืจ ื–ืžื ื›ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจืชื• (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื•) ื•ื™ืกืคืชื™ ืœื™ืกืจื” ื›ืŸ ืขืฉื” ื—"ื• ืืœื ื‘ืฆืข ืืžืจืชื•, ืžื” ื‘ืฆืข ืืžืจืชื• ืคืฉืจื” ืคืฉืจ, ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื“ื›ืคืจ ื”ื ื™ืŸ ืืžืจ ื‘ื–ืข ืคื•ืจืคื™ืจื”, (ื•ื™ืงืจื ืจื‘ื” (ื•ื™ืœื ื) ืคืจืฉื” ื• ื“"ื” ื” ืจ' ืคื ื—ืก)

ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืชื‘ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืžืื™ืจ ื–"ืœ ืื‘ืœ ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื ื”ื’ื• ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืืจืฅ ืืฉื›ื ื– ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชืขื˜ืฃ ื‘ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ ื•ืืกืžื›ื•ื” ืืงืจื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืื™ื›ื” ื‘) ื‘ืฆืข ืืžืจืชื• ื•ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื™ื›ื” ื‘ื–ืข ืคื•ืจืคืจื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ื™ื”. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ื” ืฉื•ื ืจืื™ื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืื™ื ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื•ื’ื ืื™ื ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื•ืžืชืขื˜ืคื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช ืงื˜ืŸ ืชื—ืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื”ื. ื’ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืœื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ ื›ื™ ืื ื ืจ ืื—ื“ ืœืงืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืจื• ืื™ื›ื” ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืช. ื•ื ืจืื” ื–ื” ืžื ื”ื’ ื›ืฉืจ ื›ื“ืืžืจ ื‘ืื™ื›ื” ืจื‘ืชื™ ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืžืœืš ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื‘ืœ ืžื”ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืžื›ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื ืฉืœื• ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืืฃ ืื ื™ ืืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืฉื ืืžืจ ืฉืžืฉ ื•ื™ืจื— ืงื“ืจื•. (ืจื"ืฉ ืžืกื›ืช ืชืขื ื™ืช ืคืจืง ื“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื–).

ื’ื ืืกืชืจ ื”ืžืœื›ื” ืœื‘ืฉื” ืืช ื’ืœื™ืžืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื ืงืจืืช ืคืจืคื•ืจื™ื”. ื›ืš ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื•ื—ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ (ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื”ืœื™ื) ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืคื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืกืชืจ. ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืขืœ ืคืจืง ื›ื‘ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืจืง ืื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ, ืฉื’ื ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกืžืœ ืžื›ื•ื ืŸ ื•ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ -

ืื™ืŸ ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ื™ืžื™ื ืงืฉื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืืคื™ืœื”, ื•ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ืฉืš ื•ื‘ืฆืจื”, ื›ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืŸ, ืฉืืžืจ ืœืื—ืฉื•ืจื•ืฉ ื™ืฉื ื• ืขื ืื—ื“ ืžืคื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžืคื•ืจื“ (ืืกืชืจ ื’ ื—), ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื“ืขื” ืืกืชืจ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืžืจื“ื›ื™, ืœืš ื›ื ื•ืก ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื (ืฉื /ืืกืชืจ/ ื“ ื˜ื–), ื•ื›ืฉืืžืจื” ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืื‘ื•ื ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš (ืฉื ืฉื /ืืกืชืจ ื“'/), ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ ืคืœื˜ืจื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืขืก ืขืœื™ื”, ื•ื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืžื™ืชื”, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ืื ื™ ืื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื”, ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืื ื™ ืื˜ื•ืœ ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื”, [ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืื ื™ ืื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ืงื“ืฉื™ื”, ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืื ื™ ืื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ืคื•ืจืคืจื™ื” ืฉืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื™ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืœื”ื ื•ืขืœ ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ ื™ืคื™ืœื• ื’ื•ืจืœ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื›ื‘ ื™ื˜), ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืฆื•ืคื” ื•ืจื•ืื” ื›ืŸ], ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืชืคืœืœืช ื•ืื•ืžืจืช ื•ืืชื” ื”' ืืœ ืชืจื—ืง ืื™ืœื•ืชื™ ืœืขื–ืจืชื™ ื—ื•ืฉื” (ืฉื ืฉื /ืชื”ืœื™ื ื›"ื‘/ ื›), ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืื” ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ืจืื” ืœื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื™ืœื•ืชื™, ืกื™ื“ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื–ื” ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœืžื ืฆื— ืขืœ ืื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ. (ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื”ืœื™ื (ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ) ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื›ื‘ ื“"ื” [ื–] ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ).

ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืคื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืžืจืžื– ืœืคืจืคื•ืจ ื™ื”. ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืคืจืคื•ืจ" ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ืจืง ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ, ื•ื”ืคืขื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื ืžืฆืืช ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืชื ืฉืœ ืื™ื›ื” ืจื‘ื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืœืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ -

ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื™ื ื ืคืชื—. ืžื‘ืœื™ื’ื™ืชื™ ืขืœื™ ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ ืœื‘ื™ ื“ื•ื™ (ื™ืจืžื™' ื— ื™ื—). ืžื”ื• ืžื‘ืœื™ื’ื™ืชื™, ืžื‘ืœื™ ื”ื•ื’ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืชื™ ื’ื™ืชื™ ื•ืืขืค"ื› ืขืœื™ ืœื‘ื™ ื“ื•ื™, ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื”ื”"ื“ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ื” ืœื‘ื ื• ื•ื’ื•' (ืื™ื›ื” ื” ื™ื–). ื”ื ื” ืงื•ืœ ืฉื•ืขืช ื‘ืช ืขืžื™ ืžืืจืฅ ืžืจื—ืงื™ื (ื™ืจืžื™' ืฉื /ื—'/ ื™ื˜). ื"ืจ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืฉ ืฉืœืฉื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื–ืขืงื” ืฉื•ืขื” ื ืืงื”. ื–ืขืงื”, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืื ื—ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ื–ืขืงื• ื•ืชืขืœ ืฉื•ืขืชื (ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ ื›ื’). ืฉื•ืขื”, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืงื•ืœ ืฉื•ืขืช ื‘ืช ืขืžื™ (ื™ืจืžื™' ืฉื /ื—'/). ื ืืงื”, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉืžืข ืืœื”ื™ื ืืช ื ืืงืชื (ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ ื›ื“). ืจ' ื”ื•ื ื ืจื‘ื” ื“ืฆืคื•ืจื™ืŸ ืืžืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืคืจืคื•ืจ ื”ื•ื, ื”ื”"ื“ ื•ื ืืง ื ืืงื•ืช ื—ืœืœ ืœืคื ื™ื• (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœ ื›ื“), ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื ืคืฉ ื—ืœืœื™ื ืชืฉื•ืข (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื›ื“ ื™ื‘). ื”ื”' ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืžืœื›ื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” (ื™ืจืžื™' ืฉื /ื—'/). ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื’ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื˜ืื• ื’ืœื•, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ืœื• ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื™ืจืžื™' ืžืงื•ื ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื™ื›ื” ื™ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื“ื“. ( ืื™ื›ื” ืจื‘ื” (ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ) ืคืชื™ื—ืชื ืœื‘).

ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื™ื "ืคืจืคื•ืจ" ื•"ื—ืœืœ" ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ ื™ืขื™ื“ื• ื”ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” โ€“ ื. ื•ึฐืื•ึผืœึธื ืžึดืงึผึตืฅ ืจึถื’ึทืข ื”ึดืชึฐืขื•ึนืจึตืจ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืคึฐืงึทื— ืึถืช-ืขึตื™ื ึธื™ื•, ื•ึฐื”ึตืŸ ื—ึนืœึฐืžื•ึนืช ื•ึทืขึฒืžึปืงึผื•ึนืช ืžึฐืึนื“, ื•ึฐื ึถืคึถืฉื ืึฒื ื•ึผืฉืึธื” ืคึผึฐืฆื•ึผืขึทืช ืึทื”ึฒื‘ึธื” ื•ึฐื–ึธื‘ึทืช ื“ึผึธื ืคึผึดืจึฐืคึผึฐืจึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืขึฒืžึทืงึผึตื™ื”ึถืŸ. ื‘. ื•ึฐื™ึตืฉื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ-ื™ึธืงื•ึผื ื”ึทื–ึผึธืงึตืŸ ื‘ึผึทืœึผึธื™ึฐืœึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึตืขึดื™ืจ ืฉืึทื—ึทืจ, ื•ึฐืขึธืžึทื“ ืขึทืœ-ื™ึทื“ ืึถืฉืึฐื ึทื‘ึผื•ึน ื”ึทืคึผึธืชื•ึผื—ึท ืžื•ึผืœ ื”ึทืžึผึดื–ึฐืจึธื—, ืขึตื™ื ึธื™ื• ืชึผึฐืœื•ึผื™ื•ึนืช ืœึทืžึผึธืจื•ึนื ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐืคึธืชึธื™ื• ืขึดื-ื›ึผึนื›ึฐื‘ึตื™ ื‘ึนืงึถืจ ื™ึฐืจึทื ึผึฐื ื•ึผ ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึทืช ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ืœึฐืึตืœ ื—ึทื™ึผึธื™ื•, ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ื‘ึผึธืขึตืช ื”ึทื”ึดื™ื ืฉืื•ึนื›ึตื‘ ื›ึผึฐื ึถื’ึฐื“ึผื•ึน ืขึทืœ-ืžึดื˜ึผึธืชึดื™ ื‘ึผึทืขึฒืœึธื˜ึธื”. ื›ึผึปืœึดื™ ื‘ื•ึนืขึตืจ ื‘ึผึฐืึตืฉื ืึทื”ึฒื‘ึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืชึฐื”ึทืคึผึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืฆึดื™ืจึตื™ ืžึทืึฒื•ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื ึทืขึฒืœึธืžึดื™ื, ื•ึฐื ึทืคึฐืฉืึดื™ ืชึธื—ึดื™ืœ, ืชึผึฐืคึทืจึฐืคึผึตืจ, ื›ึผึดื˜ึฐืœึตื” ื—ึธืœึธื‘ ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืฉืึดื ึผึตื™ ื›ึผึฐืคึดื™ืจ ืจึธืขึตื‘, ื•ึฐืขึตื™ื ึดื™ ื‘ื•ึนื›ึดื™ึผึธื” ื•ึฐืฉืึดื ึผึทื™ ื ื•ึนืฉืึฐื›ื•ึนืช ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐืคึธืชึทื™ ืœื•ึนื—ึฒืฉืื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐืจึทืขึทื“ ื—ึตืฉืึถืง ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึทืช ื—ึทื˜ึผึธืืช ืœึฐืึตืœ ื—ึทื™ึผึทื™ ืึธื ึดื™... ื’. ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื ื•ึนืชึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืขื•ึนื“ ื”ึทืคึผึทืขึทื ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ, ื•ึทืึฒื‘ึดื™ื‘ึดื™ ื”ึถืขึธืฉืื•ึผืง ื”ึธืคึทืšึฐ ืœึธืœึถื›ึถืช ืžึตืขึดืžึผึดื™ ืกึทืจ ื•ึฐื–ึธืขึตืฃ, ื‘ึผึฐืœึนื ื ึฐืฉืึดื™ืงึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐืœึนื ื‘ึดืจึฐื›ึผึทืช ืคึผึดื˜ึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื, ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ืขื•ึนื“ึถื ึผึดื™ ืจื•ึนื“ึตืฃ ื•ึฐื›ึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทื—ึฒืจึธื™ื• ื›ึผึฐื™ึถืœึถื“, ืœื•ึนืคึตืช ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืฉืึตืง ืึถืช-ืจึทื’ึฐืœึธื™ื•, ื•ึฐืชื•ึนืคึตืฉื‚ ื‘ึผึดืงึฐืฆึตื” ื‘ึดื’ึฐื“ื•ึน (ื”ืคืจืคื•ืจื™ื”) , ื•ึผืžึฐืคึทืจึฐืคึผึตืจ ื•ึฐืฉืื•ึนืึตื’: "ืึทืœ ืชึผึทืขึทื–ึฐื‘ึตื ึดื™!" ื“. ื•ึฐืื•ึผืœึธื ืจึธืึนื” ืจึธืึธื” ืึดื™ืฉื ื”ึทื—ึดื™ื“ื•ึนืช ืœึดืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึธื, ื•ึทื™ึผึธื‘ึนื ื‘ึฐื ึทืคึฐืฉืึธื ื›ึผึดืžึฐื‘ื•ึนืึตื™ ืขึดื™ืจ ืžึฐื‘ึปืงึธืขึธื”, ื•ึผืžึธืฆึธื ืฉืึธื ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ-ื ึดื’ึฐืขึตื™ื”ึถื ื”ึทื ึผึทืขึฒืœึธืžึดื™ื, ื•ึผืคึดืจึฐืคึผึตืจ ืขึดื-ืœึดื‘ึผึธื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึฐืคึทืจึฐืคึผึตืจ, ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐืขึทื ึผึธื” ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึธืชึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ-ืขึฑื ื•ึผืชึธื. โ€“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• (ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื”) ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืคืจืคื•ืจื™ ื ืคืฉ ื•/ืื• ืขืœ ืคืจืคื•ืจื™ ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืœื ื”ืžืชื•ื•ื“ื”. ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” (ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื•ื‘ื“ื ื ืฉืœ ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื”ืขืœืžื™ื ื•ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื”ืขืœืžื•ืช) ืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืœื™ื "ื—ืœืœ". ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื”ืขืœืžื™ื ื•ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื”ืขืœืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ื›ืขื•ืคืจื™ ื—ืžื“ ืฉืืžื ืื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื“ื” ื•ืื‘ื™ื”ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืขืœ ื‘ืžื•ืชื™ืš ื—ืœืœ). ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื–ืขื ื•ื”ืžืฉื˜ืžื” ืฉืžืœืžื“ ืื™ืฉ ื”ืื™ืžื•ืช ื–ืขื•ื ื”ืขืคืขืคื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื”ืขืœืžื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ืขืœ ื”"ืงึฐื“ื•ึนืฉืื•ึนืช ืฉืึถื ึผึธืคึฐืœื•ึผ ื—ึฒืœึธืœื•ึนืช", ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืžื’ืœื” ื”ืขืœื ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœืฆืœืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืœืžื” ื ื•ื’ืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉ"ืึถืช-ื”ึทื–ึผึธืงึตืŸ ื™ึธืจึตืืชึดื™, ืคึผึถืŸ-ื™ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืึถืช-ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึดื™ ื—ึฒืœึธืœึธื” ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืคึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื’ึทื—ึฒืœึตื™ ืขึตื™ื ึธื™ื•"...

ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืœืœ ื•ืžืคืจืคืจ ืœืžื“ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืชื ืฉืœ ืื™ื›ื” ืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ืœืขื™ืœ ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืœืขื™ืœ - ืจ' ื”ื•ื ื ืจื‘ื” ื“ืฆืคื•ืจื™ืŸ ืืžืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืคืจืคื•ืจ ื”ื•ื, ื”ื”"ื“ ื•ื ืืง ื ืืงื•ืช ื—ืœืœ ืœืคื ื™ื• (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœ ื›ื“), ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื ืคืฉ ื—ืœืœื™ื ืชืฉื•ืข (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื›ื“ ื™ื‘). ืื™ืš ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื“ืจืฉืŸ ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืคืจืคื•ืจ ืœืฉื ื™ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ "ื—ืœืœ"? โ€“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ "ื›ื™ ื™ื™ืžืฆื ื—ืœืœ ื‘ืื“ืžื”" - ืชื ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ: ื—ืœืœ - ื•ืœื ื—ื ื•ืง, ื—ืœืœ - ื•ืœื ืžืคืจืคืจ (ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืกื•ื˜ื” ืžื” ื‘). ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืžืกืชืชืจ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืจืฆื— ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— - ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืื—ื™ื ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื•ืจืฆื™ืŸ ื•ืขื•ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื‘ืฉ ื•ืงื“ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืŸ ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืœืชื•ืš ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ื ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื›ื™ืŸ ื•ืชืงืข ื‘ืœื‘ื• ื‘ื ืจ' ืฆื“ื•ืง ื•ืขืžื“ ืขืœ ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืื•ืœื ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืืž' ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืื—ื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจ' ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืž' ื›ื™ ื™ืžืฆื ื—ืœืœ ื‘ืื“ืžื” ืืฉืจ ื™"ื™ ืืœื”ื™ืš ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืš ื•ื’ื•' ื•ื™ืฆืื• ื–ืงื ื™ืš ื•ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ืš ื•ืžื“ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ืื ื• ืœื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ืžื“ื•ื“ ืœื”ื™ื›ืœ ืื• ืœืขื–ืจื” ื’ืขื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื—ืจื™ื• ื‘ื‘ื›ื™ื” ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ื ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื•ืืž' ืœื”ืŸ ืื—ื™ื ื• ืื ื™ ื›ืคืจืชื›ื ืžืคืจืคืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ ื•ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ื˜ืžืืช ืžืœืžื“ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืืช ืกื›ื™ืŸ ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืคื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืž' ื•ื’ื ื“ื ื ืงื™ ืฉืคืš ืžื ืฉื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื™ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ื‘ืขื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืคื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื ืขืœื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ืžื (ืชื•ืกืคืชื ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืคืจืง ื ื”ืœื›ื” ื“) - ื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืืคื™ืœื•, ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืžื ืฉื” ื•ืฉื‘ื ื• ืืœ ื”ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื•ืืœ ื”ืจืฆื— ืขืœ ืืจื™ ื”ืืฉ (ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—), ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ื™ืืžืจ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ - ื•ึธืึฒื’ึทืœึผึทื— ืึถืช-ืจึนืืฉื ื ึดื–ึฐืจึดื™ ืขึทืœ-ื“ึผึทื ื–ึดื‘ึฐื—ึดื™, ื•ึธืึทืฉืึฐืœึดื™ืšึฐ ืึถืช-ืงึฐื•ึปืฆึผึนื•ืชึทื™ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืึฒืจึดื™ ื”ึธืึตืฉื ืขึทืœ-ื”ึทืžึผึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึตื—ึท โ€“ ื•ึผื‘ึดืŸ ืจึถื’ึทืข ืขึธืœื•ึผ ืชึผึทืœึฐืชึผึทืœึผึทื™ ื‘ึผึฐืœึทื”ึทื‘ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื‘ึทื— ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึฐืžึธื” ื•ึผืคึฐืึตืจ ืขึฒืœื•ึผืžึทื™ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึฐืึตืคึถืจ, ืจึตื™ื—ึท ื ึดื™ื—ื•ึนื—ึท ืœึทื™ึฐื™ึธ... ื’ึผึทืœ ืฉืึธื—ึนืจ ื›ึผึทืขึฒืฉืึทืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒืจึธื›ึธื” ื•ึผื›ึฐืฉื‚ึดื ึฐืึทืช ื”ึทืžึผึธื•ึถืช ื–ึดื ึผึตืง ืคึผึดืชึฐืึนื ืžึดื ึผึทืคึฐืฉืึดื™ ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึฐืจื•ึผืคึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึทื—ึฒืฉืึตืšึฐ ืขึตื™ื ึทื™, ื•ึธืึนืžึทืจ ืœึดืฉืึฐืึนื’ ื›ึผึธืึฒืจึดื™ โ€“ ื•ึฐืื•ึผืœึธื ื‘ึผึธืจึถื’ึทืข ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื”ึตืฆึดื™ืคึธื” ืขึธืœึทื™ ืœึทื”ึฒืงึทืช ื”ึทืœึผึฐื•ึดื™ึผึดื ื™ึธื ืฉืึถืœ-ื–ึดืžึฐืจึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดืกึฐื—ึธืคึตื ึดื™, ื•ึทื™ึฐื›ึทืก ืฉืึฐืื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทื—ึฒืฆึนืฆึฐืจื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื”ึถืžึฐื™ึทืช ื”ึทื ึผึฐื‘ึธืœึดื™ื ืึถืช-ืฉืึทืึฒื’ึทืช ื ึฐืขื•ึผืจึธื™... (ื”ืžืฉืš ื™ื‘ื•ื)



(ื–) ื•ึทืชึผึฐื”ึดื™ ื—ึดืชึผึทืช ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืขึทืœ-ื”ึถื”ึธืจึดื™ื ื”ึธืจึฐื—ื•ึนืงึดื™ื ื•ึฐื—ึดื™ืœ ืึธื—ึทื– ืึถืช-ืฆื•ึผืจึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ื”ึทื–ึผื•ึนืขึฒืคึดื™ื: ืึตืœ ื ึฐืงึธืžื•ึนืช ื™ึฐื™ึธ, ืึตืœ ื ึฐืงึธืžื•ึนืช ื”ื•ึนืคึดื™ืขึท!



ืึตืœ ื ึฐืงึธืžื•ึนืช ื™ึฐื™ึธ, ืึตืœ ื ึฐืงึธืžื•ึนืช ื”ื•ึนืคึดื™ืขึท! - ืึตืœ ื ึฐืงึธืžื•ึนืช ื™ื”ื•ื” ืึตืœ ื ึฐืงึธืžื•ึนืช ื”ื•ึนืคึดื™ืขึท: ื”ึดื ึผึธืฉื‚ึตื ืฉืึนืคึตื˜ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึธืฉืึตื‘ ื’ึผึฐืžื•ึผืœ ืขึทืœ ื’ึผึตืึดื™ื: ืขึทื“ ืžึธืชึทื™ ืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื” ืขึทื“ ืžึธืชึทื™ ืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื ื™ึทืขึฒืœึนื–ื•ึผ: ื™ึทื‘ึผึดื™ืขื•ึผ ื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึผ ืขึธืชึธืง ื™ึดืชึฐืึทืžึผึฐืจื•ึผ ื›ึผึธืœ ืคึผึนืขึฒืœึตื™ ืึธื•ึถืŸ: ืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื™ึฐื“ึทื›ึผึฐืื•ึผ ื•ึฐื ึทื—ึฒืœึธืชึฐืšึธ ื™ึฐืขึทื ึผื•ึผ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืฆื“ ื-ื”)

- ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ืคื•ืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืžื—ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช... ื›ืืŸ, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืคื•ืš ื”ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžื—ืื” ืกืจืงืกื˜ื™ โ€“ ืืœ ื”ื ืงืžื•ืช ื”ืื™ื•ื ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืœ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืงื ื‘ื”ื™ื›ืœื•, ื‘ืขืžื•, ื•ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื• ืขืฆืžื•... ื”ืฉืž ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื•ืจื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืจื’ืœ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขืฉื” ืขื“ ื›ื”. ื”ืคืขื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืจื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ื–ื”ื•...

- ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื”ืœื•ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื”' ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืžืœื•ืื” ืชื‘ืœ ื•ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”' ื•ืžื”ื•ืœืœ ืžืื“ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื”ืจ ืงื“ืฉื• ื‘ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืœื”ื™ื ื ืฆื‘ ื‘ืขื“ืช ืืœ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืืœื”ื™ื ื™ืฉืคื•ื˜ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืœ ื ืงืžื•ืช ื”' ืืœ ื ืงืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื•ื’ื•' ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืจื ื™ื ื• ืœืืœื”ื™ื ืขื–ื ื• ื”ืจื™ืขื• ืœืืœื”ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืฉืฉื™ ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื”' ืžืœืš ื’ืื•ืช ืœื‘ืฉ ื•ื’ื•' ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื ืœื™ื•ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ืฉื‘ืช ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื (ืžืกื›ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ืคืจืง ื– ืžืฉื ื™ื” ื“)

2. ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื "ืืœ ื ืงืžื•ืช ื”ืฉืž" ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ืขื™...

3. ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืืจืฉ "ืืœ ื ืงืžื•ืช" ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื ื” 80 ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ื”ืคืœื•ื’ื” ื”ื“ืชื™ืช... ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืืจืฉ ืžืจืฉื™ื ืžืื“...

4. ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืคื™ืœื“ืœืคื™ื” ื™ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืืœืชืจ ืชืคื™ืœื”. ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื•ื ืืœ ื ืงืžื•ืช ื”ืฉืž โ€“ ืื ื™ ื”ืฆืขืชื™ ืœื”ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืืœ ื ื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉืž ื‘ืžืงื•ื... ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื‘ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ ื™ืฉ ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœ ื ืงืžื•ืช ืœืืœืช ื ื—ืžื•ืช...

5. ื•ืžื” ืขื "ืœึนื ืชึดืงึผึนื ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึดื˜ึผึนืจ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผึถืšึธ ื•ึฐืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึผึธ ืœึฐืจึตืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึผึธืžื•ึนืšึธ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื™ื”ื•ื”" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜ ื™ื—)?... ื”ืื ื™ื”ื•ื” ืขืฆืžื• ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืœื ืชืงื•ื ื•ืœื ืชื˜ื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžืš? ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื ื• ืฉื™ื ืงื•ื ืืช ื ืงืžืชื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื? ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืœื ื•? ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ื‘"ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš"?... ืื ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœ ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ื”ืื ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœ ืœืขืžื•? ื•ืžื” ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœ ืœืขืฆืžื•? ... ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื—ืœืฉื™ื... ื”ืกืจืงื–ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืจืงื™ืข ืฉื—ืงื™ื...

6 ื•ึฐืจึธืขึทื“ ื–ึนื”ึทืจ ื”ึธืจึธืงึดื™ืขึท ื•ึฐืงึธื“ึทืจ ืคึผึดืชึฐืึนื ื‘ึผึดื™ื’ื•ึนื ึฐื›ึถื, ื•ึฐื ึถื”ึฐืคึผึทืšึฐ ื”ึทืฉืึถึผืžึถืฉื ืœึฐื›ึถืชึถื ื“ึผึดืžึฐื›ึถื ื”ึทื ึผึธืงึดื™, ืื•ึนืช ืงึทื™ึดืŸ ืขึทืœ ืžึตืฆึทื— ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื•ึฐืื•ึนืช ื›ึผึดืฉืึธึผืœื•ึนืŸ ืœึดื–ึฐืจึนืขึท ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื”ึทืฉืึฐึผื‘ื•ึผืจึธื”, ื•ึฐื›ื•ึนื›ึธื‘ ืึถืœ-ื›ึผื•ึนื›ึธื‘ ื™ึถื—ึฑืจึธื“: ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื”ึทืฉืึถึผืงึถืจ ื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืจึธื! ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื”ึทื™ึผึธื’ื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ! ื•ึฐืึตืœ ื ึฐืงึธืžื•ึนืช, ืคึผึธืฆื•ึผืขึท ื‘ึผึดืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ื•ึน, ื™ึธืงื•ึผื ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉืึฐืึธื’ โ€“ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื—ึทืจึฐื‘ึผื•ึน ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ื™ึตืฆึตื. (ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืจืก"ื• (ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1905) ื‘ืื•ื“ืกื” ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ)

7. ืคึผึถืชึทืข ืคึผึดืชึฐืึนื ื™ึดืชึฐื ึทืขึตืจ ื“ึผื•ึนืจ ืขึดื–ึผื•ึผื– ื•ึฐื’ึดื‘ึผื•ึนืจ, ื“ึผื•ึนืจ ื’ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึนืจ ืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ื•ึฐืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื”ึถื ื‘ึผึฐืจึธืงึดื™ื ื•ึผืคึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึฐื”ึธื‘ึดื™ื โ€“ ื•ึดื™ื“ึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึทื—ึฒืจึธื‘ื•ึนืช! ื•ึฐื”ึดืจึฐืขึดื™ืžื•ึผ ืึทื“ึผึดื™ืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืงื•ึนืœึธื, ืงื•ึนืœ ืฉืึดืฉึผืึดื™ื ืจึฐื‘ึธื‘ึธื”,ืงื•ึนืœ ืงื•ึนืจึตืขึท ื”ึทืกึผึฐืขึธืจึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึทื”ึฒืžึทืช ื”ึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ื”ึทื–ึผื•ึนืขึตืฃ ื™ึฐืชึทื—ึฒืจึถื”,ื•ึผืกึฐื‘ึดื™ื‘ึธื ื ึดืฉื‚ึฐืขึธืจึธื”, ื•ึผืกึฐื‘ึดื™ื‘ึธื ื ึดื–ึฐืขึธืžึธื”.

ื”ึตื ืงึนืจึฐืึดื™ื: "ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ื’ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึนืจึดื™ื! ื“ึผื•ึนืจ ืึทื—ึฒืจื•ึนืŸ ืœึฐืฉืึดืขึฐื‘ึผื•ึผื“ ื•ึฐืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืœึดื’ึฐืึปืœึผึธื” ืึฒื ึธื—ึฐื ื•ึผ! ื™ึธื“ึตื ื•ึผ ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ึผึธื”ึผ, ื™ึธื“ึตื ื•ึผ ื”ึทื—ึฒื–ึธืงึธื” ืึถืช-ื›ึผึนื‘ึถื“ ื”ึธืขึนืœ ืžึตืขึทืœ ื’ึผึฐืื•ึนืŸ ืฆึทื•ึผึธืืจึตื ื•ึผ ืคึผึธืจึธืงึธื”.ื•ึทื ึผึดื–ึฐืงึนืฃ ืจึนืืฉืึตื ื•ึผ ืฉืึธืžึธื™ึฐืžึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฆึฐืจื•ึผ ื‘ึฐืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ โ€“ ื•ึทื ึผึทืขึฒืจึนืง ืœึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ื•ึทื ึผึนืืžึทืจ ืœึทืฆึผึดื™ึผึธื” "ืึดืžึผึตื ื•ึผ!"ืขึทืœ-ืจึธืืฉืึตื™ ื”ึทืฆึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืžึดืคึฐืœึฐืฉืึตื™ ืขึธื‘ึดื™ื ืฉืึธืชึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืžึดืžึผึฐืงื•ึนืจื•ึน ื”ึทื“ึผึฐืจื•ึนืจ ืขึดื ื›ึผึธืœ-ื ึดืฉืึฐืจึตื™ ืฉืึธืžึทื™ึดื โ€“ ื•ึผืžึดื™ ืึธื“ื•ึนืŸ ืœึธื ื•ึผ?! ื’ึผึทื-ืขึทืชึผึธื” โ€“ ืึดื-ืกึธื’ึทืจ ืขึธืœึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืžึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจื•ึน ืึตืœ ื ึธืงึธื, ื›ึผึดืžึฐืขึทื˜ ื ึธื’ึทืข ื‘ึผึธื ื•ึผ ืฉืึดื™ืจ ืขึดื–ึผื•ึผื– ื•ึธืžึถืจึดื™ โ€“ ื•ึทื ึผึธืงึธื! ืœึทื—ึฒืจึธื‘ื•ึนืช! ืœึธืจึฐืžึธื—ึดื™ื! ื”ึดืชึฐืึทื—ึฒื“ื•ึผ! ื”ึตื™ืžึดื™ื ื•ึผ! ืขึทืœ-ืึทืฃ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึทื—ึฒืžึธืชึธื โ€“ ื”ึดื ึฐื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืขึธืœึดื™ื ื•ึผ โ€“ ื‘ึผึดืกึฐืขึธืจึธื”!"

"ื”ึดื ึฐื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืขึธืœึดื™ื ื•ึผ! ืึดื-ืึธืกึทืฃ ื”ึธืึตืœ ืžึตืขึดืžึผึธื ื•ึผ ืึถืช-ื™ึธื“ึธื™ื• ื•ึทืึฒืจื•ึนื ื•ึน ืžึดืžึผึฐืงื•ึนืžื•ึน ืœึนื-ื™ึธืžื•ึผืฉื โ€“ ื ึทืขึทืœ-ื ึธื ืึตืคื•ึนื ื‘ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื“ึธื™ื•! ื•ึฐืชึทื—ึทืช ืขึตื™ืŸ ื–ึทืขึฐืžื•ึน, ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึทืง ื—ึฒืžึทืช ืžึทื‘ึผึธื˜ื•ึน, ื ึตืจึฐื“ึผึฐ ืœึฐืคึธื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืชึผื•ึนืขึฒืคื•ึนืช ื”ึถื”ึธืจึดื™ื ื”ึธืึตืœึผึถื”, ื•ึผืคึธื ึดื™ื ื ึดืชึฐืจึธืึถื” ื‘ึธืื•ึนื™ึตื‘ ื”ึถื—ึธืžื•ึผืฉื!

ื”ึทืึฒื–ึดื™ื ื•ึผ! ื”ึทืกึผึฐืขึธืจึธื” ื’ึผึทื-ื”ึดื™ื ืงื•ึนืจึตืืช ืœึธื ื•ึผ: "ื”ึธื”ึดื™ื ื•ึผ!" ืœึทื—ึฒืจึธื‘ื•ึนืช! ืœึธืจึฐืžึธื—ึดื™ื! ื™ึดืชึฐืคึผึธืจึฐืงื•ึผ ื”ึถื”ึธืจึดื™ื, ื™ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึผ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื‘ึธืขื•ึนืช ืื•ึน ื™ึดืคึผึฐืœื•ึผ ืคึฐื’ึธืจึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื—ึณืžึธืจึดื™ื ื—ึณืžึธืจึดื™ื โ€“ ื”ึดื ึฐื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืขึธืœึดื™ื ื•ึผ ื”ึถื”ึธืจึธื”!" (ืžืชื•ืš "ืžืชื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ") -

ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืืœ ื ืงืžื•ืช. ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื ืงื ืฉืœื• ื‘ืฉืจื™ืคืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืืฉ ื”ื–ืืช. ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ืจืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžืคืœืฆืชื™ ืฉืืฉ ืงื•ื“ื—ืช ื‘ืืคื• ื•ื›ื•ืœืืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื‘ืขืจื” ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื•ื”ืœ ื•ืžืคื•ื—ื“ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื–ืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื• ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืžืชืœื•ื•ื” ืืœื™ื” ื—ืจื•ืŸ ืืฃ ื•ืืฉ ื™ื•ืงื“ืช ื•ืงืฆืฃ ื‘ื•ืขืจ ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื ื’ืฃ. ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ืจ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืฃ ื•ืœื ืฆื•ืจ ืืฉ ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืžื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื ื• ืืœ ืืจืฅ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”. ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื ืืžื™ืŸ ืœื•, ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง, ื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”. ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืœ ื ืงื ืœื ื ืฆื ืžื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื›ื™ ื ื“ื—ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ืžืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืคื’ืจ ืฉื. ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ืžื”ืคื›ื” ืชื•ื“ืขืชื™ืช โ€“ ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื“ืจืš ื”ื”ืชืงื•ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืžืœื›ื•ื“ืช ืืฉ ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช...

ืึดื-ืกึธื’ึทืจ ืขึธืœึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืžึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจื•ึน ืึตืœ ื ึธืงึธื, ื›ึผึดืžึฐืขึทื˜ ื ึธื’ึทืข ื‘ึผึธื ื•ึผ ืฉืึดื™ืจ ืขึดื–ึผื•ึผื– ื•ึธืžึถืจึดื™ โ€“ ื•ึทื ึผึธืงึธื!...

ืึตืœ ื ึฐืงึธืžื•ึนืช ื™ึฐื™ึธ, ืึตืœ ื ึฐืงึธืžื•ึนืช ื”ื•ึนืคึดื™ืขึท! - ึท ืชื ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ: ื”ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืชื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ - ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืœืžื ื”, ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ - ื‘ืจื•ืš ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืžืช. ื‘ืชื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ - +ืžืฉืœื™ ื˜"ื•+ ื‘ื™ืช ื’ืื™ื ื™ืกื— ื”', ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ - +ืชื”ืœื™ื ืฆ"ื“+ ืืœ ื ืงืžื•ืช ื”' ืืœ ื ืงืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื™ืข (ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื ื— ื‘)

ืชื ื™ื, ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื: ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื - +ืชื”ืœื™ื ื›ื“+ ืœื”' ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืžืœื•ืื”, ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉืงื ื” ื•ื”ืงื ื” ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื•. ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื +ืชื”ืœื™ื ืžื—+ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”' ื•ืžื”ืœืœ ืžืื“, ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉื—ื™ืœืง ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื•ืžืœืš ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ. ื‘ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื +ืชื”ืœื™ื ืคื‘+ ืืœื”ื™ื ื ืฆื‘ ื‘ืขื“ืช ืืœ, ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉื’ื™ืœื” ืืจืฅ ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื• ื•ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืชื‘ืœ ืœืขื“ืชื•, ื‘ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื +ืชื”ืœื™ื ืฆื“+ ืืœ ื ืงืžื•ืช ื”' - ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉื‘ืจื ื—ืžื” ื•ืœื‘ื ื”, ื•ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื™ืคืจืข ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื”ืŸ. ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื +ืชื”ืœื™ื ืคื+ ื”ืจื ื™ื ื• ืœืืœื”ื™ื ืขื•ื–ื ื• - ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉื‘ืจื ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื•ื“ื’ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ื— ืœืฉืžื•. ื‘ืฉืฉื™ ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื +ืชื”ืœื™ื ืฆื’+ ื”' ืžืœืš ื’ืื•ืช ืœื‘ืฉ - ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉื’ืžืจ ืžืœืื›ืชื•, ื•ืžืœืš ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ. ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื +ืชื”ืœื™ื ืฆื‘+ ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช - ืœื™ื•ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ืฉื‘ืช (ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœื ื) -

ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืงื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข. ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืœื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ืขื•ืœืžื• ื‘ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืžืชืคืจืฅ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื ืงื ืฉืœื•. ืžื“ื•ืข? โ€“ ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืžื” ื•ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืืช ื–ืขืžื• ื•ืืช ืงื ืืชื• (ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืืŸ ื—ืžื” ื•ืœื‘ื ื” ื‘ื ืงื‘ื” ื•ืœื ืฉืžืฉ ื•ื™ืจื— ื‘ื–ื›ืจ)

ืืจื‘ืข ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจ +ืชื”ืœื™ื ืค ื‘+ ืจื•ืขื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืื–ื™ื ื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ื›ืฆืืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื”ื›ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืžื”ืจ ืคืืจืŸ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืœื™ืžื•ืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’, ืฉื ืืžืจ +ืฉื /ืชื”ืœื™ื/ ืฆื“ ื+ ืืœ ื ืงืžื•ืช ื”' ืืœ ื ืงืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ืฉื ืืžืจ +ืฉื /ืชื”ืœื™ื/ ื  ื‘+ ืžืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืžื›ืœืœ ื™ื•ืคื™ ืืœื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื™ืข. (ืกืคืจื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืคื™ืกืงื ืฉืžื’)


(ื—) ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื”ื•ึผื ืึตืœ ื ึฐืงึธืžื•ึนืช, ื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึดื›ึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ื•ึน ื•ึผื‘ึฐืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน. (ื˜) ืฉืึธืœึตื• ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืจึธื ื”ื•ึผื ื™ื•ึนืฉืึตื‘ ืขึทืœ-ื›ึผึดืกึผึตื ืึตืฉื ื‘ึผึฐืœึตื‘ ื™ึธื ื”ึทืœึผึถื”ึธื‘ึธื”.


ืฉืึธืœึตื• ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืจึธื ื”ื•ึผื ื™ื•ึนืฉืึตื‘ ืขึทืœ-ื›ึผึดืกึผึตื ืึตืฉื ื‘ึผึฐืœึตื‘ ื™ึธื ื”ึทืœึผึถื”ึธื‘ึธื” โ€“ ื”ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืืฉ. ื”ืฉืž ื”ื•ื ืืฉ ืื•ื›ืœืช, ืœื›ืŸ: ื”ึดืฉึผืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึธื›ึถื ืคึผึถืŸ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึฐื—ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื›ึผึธืจึทืช ืขึดืžึผึธื›ึถื ื•ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึถื ืœึธื›ึถื ืคึผึถืกึถืœ ืชึผึฐืžื•ึผื ึทืช ื›ึผึนืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฆึดื•ึผึฐืšึธ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ: ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืึตืฉื ืึนื›ึฐืœึธื” ื”ื•ึผื ืึตืœ ืงึทื ึผึธื (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ ื›ื’-ื›ื“), ื•ืœื›ืŸ: ืฉืึฐืžึทืข ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึทืชึผึธื” ืขึนื‘ึตืจ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื“ึผึตืŸ ืœึธื‘ึนื ืœึธืจึถืฉืึถืช ื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ื’ึผึฐื“ึนืœึดื™ื ื•ึทืขึฒืฆึปืžึดื™ื ืžึดืžึผึถืšึผึธ... ื•ึฐื™ึธื“ึทืขึฐืชึผึธ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึธืขึนื‘ึตืจ ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ืึตืฉื ืึนื›ึฐืœึธื” ื”ื•ึผื ื™ึทืฉืึฐืžึดื™ื“ึตื ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื™ึทื›ึฐื ึดื™ืขึตื ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ ื-ื’)... ื”ืฉืž ื”ื•ื ืœื ืกืชื ืืฉ โ€“ ื”ื•ื ื”ืืฉ ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ืฉื•ืจืคืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืฉ ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ.

ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืจืฃ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื’ื ืืช ื”ืฉืจืคื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื... ื›ืฉืขืœื” ืžืฉื” ืœืžืจื•ื ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื• ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืœื•ื“ ืืฉื” ื™ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื• ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืจืฆื”. ื›ืฉื ื™ืกื” ื”ืฉืž ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ืžืฉื” ืฉื™ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ื›ื™ื— ืœื”ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ื ืืœื ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ืคื—ื“ ืžืฉื” ืžื›ื— ื”ืืฉ ื”ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื•ืืžืจ ืœื”ืฉืž "ืžืชื™ื™ืจื ืื ื™ ืฉืžื ื™ืฉืจืคื•ื ื™ ื‘ื”ื‘ืœ ืฉื‘ืคื™ื”ื", ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืž ืืžืจ ืœื• "ืื—ื•ื– ื‘ื›ืกื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืœื”ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”". ื•ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื–ื” ื ื™ื˜ืจืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ืขื•ืฆืžื•ืช ื”ืืฉ ื•ื”ืœื”ื˜ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžืœืื›ื™ื. ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืž ื”ื•ื ืืฉ ื”ืžื ื˜ืจืœืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื. ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืž ื”ื•ื ืืฉ ื—ืกื™ื ืช ืืฉ... ื›ืฉืจืฆื” ื”ืฉืž ืœื‘ืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื• ืœื›ืš ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืกื• ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื”ืฉืž ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ืขื” ื˜ืขื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืž "ื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ืืฆื‘ืข ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืฉืจืคื", ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ืื” ืขื•ื“ ื›ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœื”ืชื ื’ื“ ืœื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืืœื™ื”ื ื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ื”ืฉืž ืืช ืืฆื‘ืขื• ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ืฉืจืคื ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืœืขื•ื“ ื›ืชื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื. ืืฉ ื”ืฉืž ื”ื™ื ื”ืืฉ ื”ืฉื•ืจืคืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืืฉื™ื. ืืฉ ื”ืฉืž ื”ื™ื ืืฉ ืื•ื›ืœืช ืืฉ... ื•ื›ืกื ื”ืฉืž ื”ื•ื ื›ืกื ืืฉ ื—ืกื™ืŸ ืืฉ... ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืžืœืืš ืื• ืืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืฉ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืื™ื•ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉืž ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ืืฉ ืื•ื›ืœื” - ืื– ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœื• ืขืœ ื›ืกื ืืฉ ื—ืกื™ืŸ ืืฉ ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื˜ ืฉืœื• ื•ื ื•ืจื ื‘ืœื‘ ืœื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืœื”ื‘ื”, ืžืขื˜ื”ื• ืฉืœื”ื‘ืช ืืจื’ืžืŸ ื•ื”ื“ื•ื ืจื’ืœื™ื• ื’ื—ืœื™ื ื‘ื•ืขืจื•ืช. ืžื—ื•ืœ ืื›ื–ืจื™ ืงื•ื“ื— ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื• ืขืœ ืจืืฉื• ืชืฉืื” ืœื”ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื• ื•ื ื•ืจื ืฉื˜ ืขืœ ื›ืกื ืืฉ ื—ืกื™ืŸ ืืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ื ื”ืœื”ื‘ื”, ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืชื™ื• ื ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืœื™ื‘ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ืžื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื“ ืขืคืขืคื™ื•... ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื•...

ืชื ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ: ืฉืฉ ืืฉื•ืช ื”ืŸ - ื™ืฉ ืื•ื›ืœืช ื•ืื™ื ื” ืฉื•ืชื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืชื” ื•ืื™ื ื” ืื•ื›ืœืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ื›ืœืช ื•ืฉื•ืชื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ื›ืœืช ืœื—ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื‘ืฉื™ืŸ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืืฉ ื“ื•ื—ื” ืืฉ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืืฉ ืื•ื›ืœืช ืืฉ. (ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื™ื•ืžื ื›ื ื) โ€“ ื”ืืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื” - ืืฉ ืื•ื›ืœืช ืืฉ - ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืึตืฉื ืึนื›ึฐืœึธื” ื”ื•ึผื (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ ื›ื“) ื•ื”ืืฉ ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื "ืืฉ ืื•ื›ืœืช ื•ืื™ื ื” ืฉื•ืชื”" โ€“ ื–ื• ื”ืืฉ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืจืคืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื•ืฆืงื™ื ืืš ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ ืžื™ื ื•ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืื•ืชื. ื”ืืฉ ืฉ"ืฉื•ืชื” ื•ืื™ื ื” ืื•ื›ืœืช" ื”ื™ื ืืฉ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืงื•ื“ื—ื™ื ืžื—ื•ื "ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืืฉ ื•ืฆืžื ืœืžื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื• ื—ืคืฅ ืœืื›ื•ืœ" (ืจืฉื™) . ื”ืืฉ ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื–ื• ืฉ"ืื•ื›ืœืช ื•ืฉื•ืชื”" ื–ื• ื”ืืฉ ืฉืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืฉืขืœื™ื” ื ืืžืจ ื•ึทืชึผึดืคึผึนืœ ืึตืฉื ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ึทืชึผึนืื›ึทืœ ืึถืช ื”ึธืขึนืœึธื” ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึธืขึตืฆึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึธืึฒื‘ึธื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึถืขึธืคึธืจ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึทื™ึดื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึทืชึผึฐืขึธืœึธื” ืœึดื—ึตื›ึธื” (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื™ื— ืœื—) โ€“ ื”ืืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื "ื”ืืฉ ื”ืื•ื›ืœืช ืœื—ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื‘ืฉื™ืŸ", ื”ื™ื ืืฉ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื”, ืืฉ ื”ืชืžื™ื“. ื”ืืฉ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช - ื”ืืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื—ื” ืืฉ - ื”ื™ื ื”ืืฉ ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืžืœืืš ื”ืืฉ ืฉื™ืจื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ืžื™ืฉืืœ ื•ืขื–ืจื™ื” ืฉืฆื™ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ืฉืŸ ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•ื”ืงื“ื™ื— ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ ืืช ื–ื•ืจืงื™ื”ืŸ ืœืชื•ื›ื• (ืจืื™/ื” ืคืกื—ื™ื ืงื™ื— ื). ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ืžื›ื•ืœืŸ ื”ื™ื ืืฉ ืื•ื›ืœืช ืืฉ โ€“ ื”ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, "ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึฐืงึนื•ึธืง ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืึตืฉื ืึนื›ึฐืœึธื” ื”ื•ึผื ืึตืœ ืงึทื ึผึธื" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ ื›ื“), ื•"ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึฐืงึนื•ึธืง ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื”ื•ึผืึพื”ึธืขึนื‘ึตืจ ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ืึตืฉื ืึนื›ึฐืœึธื” - ื”ื•ึผื ื™ึทืฉืึฐืžึดื™ื“ึตื ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื™ึทื›ึฐื ึดื™ืขึตื" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ ื’) โ€“ ืœื ืจืง ืืช ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื™ืื›ืœ ื›ืžื• ืืฉ ืื•ื›ืœื” ืืœื ื’ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืœื™ื ื•ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืจืคื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจืงื•ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืจืงื™ ื”ืืฉ... ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ืืฆื‘ืขื• ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืœื›ืœ ื›ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื•ืœื›ืœ ืืกื›ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจืคื™ื ื”ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ืื—ืจ ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื•...

(ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืจื ื›ืช ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืจืฆื•ื ื›ื ื ืขืฉื” ืื“ื ื‘ืฆืœืžื ื• ืืžืจื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืžื” ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ื›ืš ื•ื›ืš ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืืžืจื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืžื” ืื ื•ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชื–ื›ืจื ื• ื•ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื“ื ื• ื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ืืฆื‘ืขื• ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืฉืจืคื ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืช ืฉื ื™ื” ื›ืช ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืืžืจื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืืžืจื• ืœืคื ื™ืš ืžื” ื”ื•ืขื™ืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืฉืœืš ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœืžืš ืขืฉื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ื•ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืคืœื’ื” ืฉืžืขืฉื™ื”ืŸ ืžืงื•ืœืงืœื™ืŸ ืืžืจื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืคื” ืืžืจื• ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ืš ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ื•ืขื“ ื–ืงื ื” ืื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื•ืขื“ ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืื ื™ ืืกื‘ื•ืœ ื•ื’ื•'... " (ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืœื— ื‘)

(ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืขืœื” ืžืฉื” ืœืžืจื•ื ืืžืจื• ืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื: ืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ืžื” ืœื™ืœื•ื“ ืืฉื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•? ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ: ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื. ืืžืจื• ืœืคื ื™ื•: ื—ืžื•ื“ื” ื’ื ื•ื–ื” ืฉื’ื ื•ื–ื” ืœืš ืชืฉืข ืžืื•ืช ื•ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืขื” ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืืชื” ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื™ืชื ื” ืœื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื? +ืชื”ืœื™ื ื—+ ืžื” ืื ื•ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชื–ื›ืจื ื• ื•ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื“ื ื• +ืชื”ืœื™ื ื—+ ื”' ืื“ื ื™ื ื• ืžื” ืื“ื™ืจ ืฉืžืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืชื ื” ื”ื•ื“ืš ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื! - ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœืžืฉื”: ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”! - ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ื•: ืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ืžืชื™ื™ืจื ืื ื™ ืฉืžื ื™ืฉืจืคื•ื ื™ ื‘ื”ื‘ืœ ืฉื‘ืคื™ื”ื. - ืืžืจ ืœื•: ืื—ื•ื– ื‘ื›ืกื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื™, ื•ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืคื— ื‘)

- ื”ืฉืž ื”ื•ื ืืฉ ืื•ื›ืœืช ืืฉ. ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืฉื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช. ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข "ืฉืฉ ืืฉื•ืช ื”ืŸ", ื•ื”ืืฉ ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ืžื›ื•ืœืŸ ื”ื™ื ืืฉ ื”ืฉืž ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืฉื•ืจืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืฉื•ืช (ืืฉื™ื) ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•. ืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืจืคื™ื ืฉื”ื ืขืฆืžื ืืฉ. ื”ืฉืž ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืœื• ื•ื ื•ืจื ืขืœ ื›ืกื ืฉืœ ืืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ื ื”ืœื”ื‘ื”. ื›ืœ ื”ืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืืฉื•ืช ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื• ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืืฉ. ื”ื•ื ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืืฉ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ โ€“ ื”ื•ื ืืฉ ืื•ื›ืœืช ื•ืืฉ ืฉื•ืชื” ื•ืืฉ ืื•ื›ืœืช ืืฉ...

ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืž ื›ืืฉ ืื•ื›ืœืช ืืฉ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืงื˜ืข ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืื—ื“ ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ. ื‘ืงื˜ืข ื–ื”, ืฉืขื•ื“ ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื”, ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืฉืž ืขืœ ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœื•, ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืกื ืืฉ, ื•ื ื”ืจ ืฉืœ ืืฉ (ื ื”ืจ ื“ื™ื ื•ืจ) ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืกื ื”ืืฉ โ€“ ืžื”ืคื›ื™ื ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ื—"ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉืž ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืกื ืฉืœ ืืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื ื”ืจ ื”ืืฉ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžื’ื™ืœื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืœื• ื•ื ื•ืจื ืขืœ ื›ืกื ืืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ ื™ื ื”ืœื”ื‘ื”... ื—"ืŸ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืืœ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœืœื”ื˜ ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืชื”ืคืš ืฉืœื•, ื•ืื ื• ื ื—ื•ื•ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ื•ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืœื”ื˜ื...

... ื•ืื•ืงื™ืžื ื ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฉืขื™ื ื”ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื“ื™ื ื ื“ืœื”ื•ืŸ ืื•ืงืžื•ื” ืขืœื™ื™ื”ื• ืžืืจื™ ืžืชื ื™ืชื™ืŸ, ื“ื ืฉืžืชื”ื•ืŸ ื ืฉืจืคืช ื•ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืืคืจ ืชื—ืช ื›ืคื•ืช ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืื™ ืืชื•ืงื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืฉ ื“ื›ืจืกื™ื™ื ื“ืืชืžืจ ื‘ื™ื” (ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื–) ื›ืจืกื™ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืจ ื’ืœื’ืœื•ื”ื™ ื ื•ืจ ื“ืœื™ืง (ื•ื ื”ืจ ื“ื™ื ื•ืจ ื ื’ื™ื“ ื•ื ืคื™ืง) ืžืืจื‘ืข ื—ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืืฉื ื“ืกื—ืจื™ืŸ ืœื›ื•ืจืกื™ื™ื ื“ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืื™ื”ื• ืื“ื ื™ ื“ื™ื ื ื“ืžืœื›ื•ืชื ื“ื™ื ื, ื•ื”ื”ื•ื ื ื”ืจ ืืชืžืจ ื‘ื™ื” ื ื”ืจ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืจ ื ื’ื™ื“ ื•ื ืคืง ืžืŸ ืงื“ืžื•ื”ื™ ื ืฉืžืชื”ื•ืŸ ื“ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืžืชื“ื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื”, ื•ื ืฉืžืชื”ื•ืŸ ื“ืจืฉื™ืขื™ ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื” ื•ืืชื‘ืขื™ืจื• ืงืžื™ื” ื›ืงืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืืฉ ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืืฉ ืื•ื›ืœืช ืืฉ, ื™ื”ื•ื” ืื™ื”ื• ื—ืžื” ื ืจืชื™ืงื” ื“ื™ืœื™ื” ืื“ื ื™, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื–ื ื“ืื•ืงืžื•ื”, ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื—ืžื” ืžื ืจืชื™ืงื” ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืžืชืจืคืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื•ืจืฉืขื™ื ื ื“ื•ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”...

(ืชืจื’ื•ื: ... ื•ื”ืขืžื“ื ื• ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฉืขื™ื ื”ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื•ื”ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ืฉื ืฉืžืชื ื ืฉืจืคืช ื•ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืืคืจ ืชื—ืช ื›ืคื•ืช ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื. ื•ื‘ืžื” ื ืฉืจืคื•ืช? โ€“ ื‘ืืฉ ื”ื›ืกื ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื• 'ื›ืจืกื™ื” ืฉื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืจ ื’ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื”ื™ ื ื•ืจ ื“ืœืง (ื›ืกืื• ืฉื‘ื™ื‘ื™ ืืฉ ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื• ืืฉ ื“ื•ืœืงืช). ื•ื ื”ืจ ืฉืœ ืืฉ ื ืžืฉืš ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืืจื‘ืข ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืฉ ืฉืžืงื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ื›ืกื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืื“ื ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ื™ืŸ (ืื“ื ื™ ื“ื™ื ื ื“ืžืœื›ื•ืชื ื“ื™ื ื). ื•ืื•ืชื• ื ื”ืจ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื• ื ื”ืจ ืฉืœ ืืฉ ื ืžืฉืš ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืœืคื ื™ื•, ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ื•ื ื˜ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื•ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื ื“ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื•ื ื‘ืขืจื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ื• ื›ืงืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืืฉ, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืืฉ ืื•ื›ืœืช ืืฉ. ื™ื”ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ืžื”, ื ืจืชื™ืง ืฉืœื• ืื“ื ื™, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืกื•ื“ ืฉื”ืขืžื™ื“ื•ื”ื•. ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื—ืžื” ืžื ืจืชื™ืงื”, ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืžืชืจืคืื™ื ื‘ื” ื•ืจืฉืขื™ื ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”... (ื–ื•ื”ืจ - ืจืขื™ื ืžื”ื™ืžื ื ื›ืจืš ื’ (ื•ื™ืงืจื) ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ืงืจื ื“ืฃ ื˜ื– ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘)

(ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืืฉื•ืช", ื”ืื ื”ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืฉ ืื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืฉื” ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื’ื ืืฉื™ื ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ื–ื” ื•ืœื ื–ื”, ืกืชื ืขื•ื“ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืืฉ ื”ื”ื–ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžื•ื—ื ื”ืงื•ื“ื— ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ื“ืจืฉื ื™ื ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ื•ืฉืจื•ืคื™ื...) ... ื•ืืœ ืชืชืžื” ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืฉ ื”ืŸ "ืืฉื•ืช", ืฉื”ืจื™ ืืฉ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ืงื‘ื” ื”ื™ื, ืืฉ ืื•ื›ืœืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ื•ืืฉ ืฆื•ืจื‘ืช ื•ืืฉ ื›ื•ืื‘ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืืฉื•ืช" โ€“ ืœื ื›ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืฉ ื•ืœื ื›ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืฉื”... ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ "ืืฉื™ื", ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ืืฆืœื ื• "ื›ึผึดืชึผึฐืจื•ึผื”ื•ึผ ื“ึผึทื”ึฒืจื•ึนืช ืึดืฉึผืึดื™ื", ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉืคืช ื”ืชื ื•-ืจื‘ื ืŸ (ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื ืฉืคืช ื”ืชื ื•ืจ-ื‘ื ืŸ) ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืฉ ื”ื™ื "ืืฉื•ืช", ื•ื’ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืืฉ ื”ื•ื ืืฉื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช (ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ ืคืขื) ืึดืฉึผืึถื” ืœึทื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ืžืชื•ื›ื ืฉืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ืจึตื™ื—ึท ื ึดื™ื—ึนื—ึท ืึดืฉึผืึถื” ืœึทื™ื”ื•ื”, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ืืฆืœื ื•, ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื”, (ืคืจืง ื•) "ืึฒื‘ึทืง ืึดืฉึผืึธื” ืœึนื-ื“ึธื‘ึทืง ื‘ึผึดืžึฐืขึดื™ืœึดื™ ื•ึฐืึถืช ืจึตื™ื—ึธื”ึผ ืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึธืขึฐืชึผึดื™", ื•ื ืืžืจ "ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื–ึดื›ึฐืจึตืšึฐ ื—ึธืจื•ึผืช ืœึฐื ึถื’ึถื“ ืขึตื™ื ึทื™ ื‘ึผึฐืึตืฉื ืœึฐื‘ึธื ึธื”, ื•ึธืึธืจึดื™ื—ึท ืึถืช-ืจึตื™ื—ึท ื ึดื™ื—ื•ึนื—ึตืšึฐ ื’ึผึทื ืžึตื—ึดื™ื“ื•ึนืช ื™ึทืœึฐื“ื•ึผืชึดื™ ื”ึธืจึฐื—ื•ึนืงึธื”", ื•ื ืืžืจ "ื•ึธืึฒื’ึทืœึผึทื— ืึถืช-ืจึนืืฉื ื ึดื–ึฐืจึดื™ ืขึทืœ-ื“ึผึทื ื–ึดื‘ึฐื—ึดื™, ื•ึธืึทืฉืึฐืœึดื™ืšึฐ ืึถืช-ืงึฐื•ึปืฆึผึนื•ืชึทื™ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืึฒืจึดื™ ื”ึธืึตืฉื ืขึทืœ-ื”ึทืžึผึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึตื—ึท โ€“ ื•ึผื‘ึดืŸ ืจึถื’ึทืข ืขึธืœื•ึผ ืชึผึทืœึฐืชึผึทืœึผึทื™ ื‘ึผึฐืœึทื”ึทื‘ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื‘ึทื— ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึฐืžึธื” ื•ึผืคึฐืึตืจ ืขึฒืœื•ึผืžึทื™ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึฐืึตืคึถืจ, ืจึตื™ื—ึท ื ึดื™ื—ื•ึนื—ึท ืœึทื™ึฐื™ึธ... "

ื•ืชื“ืข ืฉื’ื ื—"ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ืืฉืจ ื™ื“ืข ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ "ืืฉ" ื”ื•ื "ืืฉื™ื" ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื›ืชื‘ ืืฆืœื ื• "ื›ึผึดืชึผึฐืจื•ึผื”ื•ึผ ื“ึผึทื”ึฒืจื•ึนืช ืึดืฉึผืึดื™ื", ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืฉื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ " ืึดืฉึผืื•ึนืช " ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืœื” ื›ื–ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช โ€“ ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื ืฉื™ื (ื•ืœื ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ื—ืŸ ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืืฉื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื’ื ื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืฉ ื”ื•ื ืืฉื™ื โ€“ ืื– ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ "ืืฉื•ืช?", ื•ืœืžื” ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ืฉื›ืชื‘ "ืืฉื•ืช-ื—ื™ืœ" ื‘ืฉื™ืจื• "ืืœืžื ื•ืช" โ€“ ื”ืื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื ืฉื•ืช ื—ื™ืœ ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ืœืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื™ืœ? โ€“ ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ืžืฆืžืจืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืชืืจ ืืช ืืžื• ื›ืื—ืช ืžืื•ืชืŸ "ืึดืฉึผืื•ึนืช-ื—ึทื™ึดืœ ื›ึผึฐื—ึปืœึผื•ึนืช ืฉื‚ึฐืคึธืชึทื™ึดื" ืขืœื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืฉืคืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืืœ ืืฉืคื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืง ืœึฐื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืชึผึตืœ ืฉืึธื ื‘ึผึฐื—ึถื‘ึฐืœึตื™ ืžึฐืฆื•ึผืงึธืชึธื”ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึดื“ึฐื•ึตื™ ืœึทื—ึฐืžึธื”ึผ, ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขืœื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ื“ึผึธื•ื•ึนืช ื•ึผืกึฐื›ื•ึผืคื•ึนืช, ืฆึฐืจื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœ ื™ึดืกึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐื ึนืื“ื•ึนืช ืžึฐื”ึทืœึผึฐื›ึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœ ื“ึผึฐืžึธืขื•ึนืช, ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ึผื•ึนืช โ€“ ืชึผึทืจึฐืžึดื™ืœึดื™ื ืžึฐืฉืื•ึนื˜ึฐื˜ึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœ ืจึฐืงึทื‘ ืขึฒืฆึธืžื•ึนืช, ืึฒื›ื•ึผืœื•ึนืช ืฉืึฐืึตืจ ื•ึผื ึฐืžึทืงึผื•ึนืช ืจึตืึธื”, ืžึฐืขึทืœึผึฐืขื•ึนืช ื“ึผึธืžึธืŸ ื‘ึผึทืกึผึตืชึถืจ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืึดื™ืฉืื•ึนื ึตื™ื”ึถืŸ ืงึธืคึฐืึธื” ืœึธื ึถืฆึทื— ืชึผึฐื—ึดื ึผึธื” ืžึฐื™ึปืึถืฉืึถืช ืžึตืจึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ื, ื•ึผื‘ึฐืจึดื™ึผื•ึนืช โ€“ ื—ึฒืžึธืชื•ึนืช ืžึปืจึฐืชึผึธื—ื•ึนืช, ืžึฐืœึตืื•ึนืช ื’ึผึธืคึฐืจึดื™ืช ื•ึธื–ึถืคึถืช, ื ึดืฆึผึธืชื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐืึถืคึถืก ื™ึธื“, ืึดืฉึผืื•ึนืช-ื—ึทื™ึดืœ ื›ึผึฐื—ึปืœึผื•ึนืช ืฉื‚ึฐืคึธืชึทื™ึดื ื•ึผืžึฐืจื•ึผื˜ื•ึนืช ืขึฒืฆึทื‘ึผึดื™ื, ืžึดืชึฐื‘ึผื•ึนืกึฐืกื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐื’ึถืœึฐืœึตื™ ืคึดื™ื”ึถืŸ ื•ึฐื–ื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ืขึฒื‘ึดื™ื˜ึตื™ ืคึถืจึถืฉื ืึดืฉึผืึธื” ืขึทืœ-ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืจึฐืขื•ึผืชึธื”ึผ. ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ืฉืึฐื—ื•ึผืฆื•ึนืช ื•ึผืžึฐื–ึปืœึฐืขึธืคื•ึนืช, ืžึฐื–ื•ึนืช ื—ึธืจื•ึนืŸ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืœื•ึนืช ื’ึผึดื“ึผื•ึผืคึดื™ื, ื ึดืฆึฐืœื•ึนืช ื—ึทื™ึผื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ ื’ึผึทื—ึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถืŸ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืฉื‚ึทืจ ื–ึฐืจึนืขึธืŸ ืชึผึฐืงื•ึนืกึตืกึฐื ึธื”, ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนื ื•ึนืชึธืŸ โ€“ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœื•ึนืช ืฉืึฐื—ื•ึผื–ื•ึนืช, ื•ึผื’ึฐืจื•ึนื ึธืŸ โ€“ ืžึดืฉืึฐืจึทืฅ ืขึทืงึฐืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ื, ืœึนื ืชึธืžื•ึผืฉื ืึธืœึทืช ื“ึผึธืžึดื™ื ืžึดืชึผื•ึนื›ื•ึน. ื ึธืฉืึดื™ื ืžึธืจื•ึนืช ื ึถืคึถืฉื ื•ึผืงึฐืฉืื•ึนืช ืจื•ึผื—ึท, ืžึฐืกึปืœึผึฐืคื•ึนืช ื“ึผึฐืžื•ึผืช ื•ึผื–ึฐื•ึตืขื•ึนืช ืฆื•ึผืจึธื”, ื ึฐืฉืื•ึผื™ื•ึนืช ื—ึตืŸ ื•ึธื—ึถืกึถื“ ื•ึผืžึฐื—ื•ึผืงื•ึนืช ืฆึถืœึถื ืึตื ื•ึฐืึดืฉึผืึธื”..." -

ื›ืžื” ืืฉ ืจืขื” ื•ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” - ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ ืžืžืฉ... ื—ึฒืžึธืชื•ึนืช ืžึปืจึฐืชึผึธื—ื•ึนืช, ืžึฐืœึตืื•ึนืช ื’ึผึธืคึฐืจึดื™ืช ื•ึธื–ึถืคึถืช, ื ึดืฆึผึธืชื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐืึถืคึถืก ื™ึธื“, ืึดืฉึผืื•ึนืช-ื—ึทื™ึดืœ ื›ึผึฐื—ึปืœึผื•ึนืช ืฉื‚ึฐืคึธืชึทื™ึดื... ืžึฐื–ื•ึนืช ื—ึธืจื•ึนืŸ... ื ึดืฆึฐืœื•ึนืช ื—ึทื™ึผื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ ื’ึผึทื—ึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถืŸ... ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนื ื•ึนืชึธืŸ โ€“ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœื•ึนืช ืฉืึฐื—ื•ึผื–ื•ึนืช...

ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืฉืž ื”ืฉื•ืจืฃ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื ื˜ื•ืœ ืฆืœื ืืœื”ื™ื ื›ืš ืืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืœ ื›ื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืชื™ื ื”ืŸ ืœื ื ืฉื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืœ ื•ื›ืœืœ โ€“ "ื”ืŸ ื ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ืŸ ื•ื—ืกื“ ื•ืžื—ื•ืงื•ืช ืฆืœื ืื ื•ืืฉื”..." ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ืœืงื—ื” ื”ืจื•ื—... ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ืฉืจืคื” ื”ืืฉ... (ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš)



(ื™) ืžึทืขึฒื˜ึตื”ื•ึผ ืฉืึทืœึฐื”ึถื‘ึถืช ืึทืจึฐื’ึผึธืžึธืŸ ื•ึทื”ึฒื“ื•ึนื ืจึทื’ึฐืœึธื™ื• ื’ึผึถื—ึธืœึดื™ื ื‘ึผึนืขึฒืจื•ึนืช.



ืžึทืขึฒื˜ึตื”ื•ึผ ืฉืึทืœึฐื”ึถื‘ึถืช ืึทืจึฐื’ึผึธืžึธืŸ - ืึทืชึผึธื” ื”ื•ึผื ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ : ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึผื‘ึธืึธืจึถืฅ: ื’ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึนืจ ื•ึฐื ึทืขึฒืจึธืฅ: ื“ึผึธื’ื•ึผืœ ืžึตืจึฐื‘ึธื‘ึธื”: ื”ื•ึผื ืฉื‚ึธื— ื•ึทื™ึผึถื”ึดื™: ื•ึฐืฆึดื•ึผึธื” ื•ึฐื ึดื‘ึฐืจึธืื•ึผ: ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึน ืœึธื ึถืฆึทื—: ื—ึทื™ ืขื•ึนืœึธืžึดื™ื: ื˜ึฐื”ื•ึนืจ ืขึตื™ื ึทื™ึดื: ื™ื•ึนืฉืึตื‘ ืกึตืชึถืจ: ื›ึผึดืชึฐืจื•ึน ื™ึฐืฉืื•ึผืขึธื”: ืœึฐื‘ื•ึผืฉืื•ึน ืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธื”: ืžึทืขึฒื˜ึตื”ื•ึผ ืงึดื ึฐืึธื”: ื ึถืึฐืคึผึธื“ ื ึฐืงึธืžึธื”: ืกึดืชึฐืจื•ึน ื™ื•ึนืฉืึถืจ: ืขึฒืฆึธืชื•ึน ืึฑืžื•ึผื ึธื”: ืคึผึฐืขึปืœึผึธืชื•ึน ืึฑืžึถืช: ืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืง ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉืึธืจ: ืงึธืจื•ึนื‘ ืœึฐืงื•ึนืจึฐืึธื™ื• ื‘ึผึถืึฑืžึถืช : ืจึธื ื•ึผืžึดืชึฐื ึทืฉึผื‚ึตื: ืฉืื•ึนื›ึตืŸ ืฉืึฐื—ึธืงึดื™ื: ืชึผื•ึนืœึถื” ืึถืจึถืฅ ืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึฐืœึดื™ืžึธื”: (ืคื™ื•ื˜ ื™ื“ื•ืข ื•ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”)

ื‘ึผึธืจึฐื›ึดื™ ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึดื™ ืึถืช ื™ื”ื•ื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึทื™ ื’ึผึธื“ึทืœึฐืชึผึธ ืžึผึฐืึนื“ ื”ื•ึนื“ ื•ึฐื”ึธื“ึธืจ ืœึธื‘ึธืฉืึฐืชึผึธ: ืขึนื˜ึถื” ืื•ึนืจ ื›ึผึทืฉึผึนึทืœึฐืžึธื” ื ื•ึนื˜ึถื” ืฉืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื›ึผึทื™ึฐืจึดื™ืขึธื” (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื“ ื-ื‘... ื—ืœืง ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—"ืŸ ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ)

- ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืœืฉืœืžืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืœื’ืœื™ืžืช ื”ืคืจืคื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืืจื’ืžื ื™ืช, ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืกืจืงืกื˜ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืžื”ืืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ื•ื”ื›ืœ-ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืคืขื... ืืœ ืฉืจื•ืฃ โ€“ ืžืขื˜ื”ื• ืฉืœื”ื‘ืช ืืจื’ืžืŸ...


ื•ึทื”ึฒื“ื•ึนื ืจึทื’ึฐืœึธื™ื• ื’ึผึถื—ึธืœึดื™ื ื‘ึผึนืขึฒืจื•ึนืช - ื›ึผึนื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื™ึฐืงึนื•ึธืง ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื›ึผึดืกึฐืึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึฒื“ึนื ืจึทื’ึฐืœึธื™ ืึตื™ึพื–ึถื” ื‘ึทื™ึดืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึดื‘ึฐื ื•ึผึพืœึดื™ ื•ึฐืึตื™ึพื–ึถื” ืžึธืงื•ึนื ืžึฐื ื•ึผื—ึธืชึดื™ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืกื• ื)

ื™ึฐืงึนื•ึธืง ืžึธืœึธืšึฐ ื™ึดืจึฐื’ึผึฐื–ื•ึผ ืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ื™ึนืฉืึตื‘ ื›ึผึฐืจื•ึผื‘ึดื™ื ืชึผึธื ื•ึผื˜ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ: (ื‘) ื™ึฐืงึนื•ึธืง ื‘ึผึฐืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึฐืจึธื ื”ื•ึผื ืขึทืœึพื›ึผึธืœึพื”ึธืขึทืžึผึดื™ื: (ื’) ื™ื•ึนื“ื•ึผ ืฉืึดืžึฐืšึธ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืจึธื ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื”ื•ึผื: (ื“) ื•ึฐืขึนื– ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ ืึธื”ึตื‘ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื›ึผื•ึนื ึทื ึฐืชึผึธ ืžึตื™ืฉืึธืจึดื™ื ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ ื•ึผืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืึทืชึผึธื” ืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึธ: (ื”) ืจื•ึนืžึฐืžื•ึผ ื™ึฐืงึนื•ึธืง ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ื•ึผ ืœึทื”ึฒื“ึนื ืจึทื’ึฐืœึธื™ื• ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื”ื•ึผื (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืฆื˜ ื-ื”) (ื—ืœืง ืžืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ืฉื‘ืช. ืœืขืžืช ืขื ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืืงื•ื˜ ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื•ืขื ืื’ืจืช ืืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื)

ืœึฐื“ึธื•ึดื“ ืžึดื–ึฐืžื•ึนืจ ื ึฐืึปื ื™ึฐืงึนื•ึธืง ืœึทืื“ึนื ึดื™ ืฉืึตื‘ ืœึดื™ืžึดื™ื ึดื™ ืขึทื“ึพืึธืฉืึดื™ืช ืึนื™ึฐื‘ึถื™ืšึธ ื”ึฒื“ึนื ืœึฐืจึทื’ึฐืœึถื™ืšึธ: (ื‘) ืžึทื˜ึผึตื”ึพืขึปื–ึผึฐืšึธ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืœึทื— ื™ึฐืงึนื•ึธืง ืžึดืฆึผึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืจึฐื“ึตื” ื‘ึผึฐืงึถืจึถื‘ ืึนื™ึฐื‘ึถื™ืšึธ: (ื’) ืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื ึฐื“ึธื‘ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ื—ึตื™ืœึถืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทื“ึฐืจึตื™ึพืงึนื“ึถืฉื ืžึตืจึถื—ึถื ืžึดืฉืึฐื—ึธืจ ืœึฐืšึธ ื˜ึทืœ ื™ึทืœึฐื“ึปืชึถื™ืšึธ: (ื“) ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทืข ื™ึฐืงึนื•ึธืง ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดื ึผึธื—ึตื ืึทืชึผึธื”ึพื›ึนื”ึตืŸ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ืขึทืœึพื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึธืชึดื™ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึดื™ึพ ืฆึถื“ึถืง: (ื”) ืึฒื“ึนื ึธื™ ืขึทืœึพื™ึฐืžึดื™ื ึฐืšึธ ืžึธื—ึทืฅ ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนืึพืึทืคึผื•ึน ืžึฐืœึธื›ึดื™ื: (ื•) ื™ึธื“ึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ืžึธืœึตื ื’ึฐื•ึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ืžึธื—ึทืฅ ืจึนืืฉื ืขึทืœึพืึถืจึถืฅ ืจึทื‘ึผึธื”: (ื–) ืžึดื ึผึทื—ึทืœ ื‘ึผึทื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึถื” ืขึทืœึพื›ึผึตืŸ ื™ึธืจึดื™ื ืจึนืืฉื (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ ื-ื–) (ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืื’ืจืช ืืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”)

ื ึธื‘ื•ึนืึธื” ืœึฐืžึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึฐื ื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ื ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ึถื” ืœึทื”ึฒื“ึนื ืจึทื’ึฐืœึธื™ื•: (ื—) ืงื•ึผืžึธื” ื™ึฐืงึนื•ึธืง ืœึดืžึฐื ื•ึผื—ึธืชึถืšึธ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื•ึทืึฒืจื•ึนืŸ ืขึปื–ึผึถืšึธ: (ื˜) ื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึถื™ืšึธ ื™ึดืœึฐื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผึพืฆึถื“ึถืง ื•ึทื—ึฒืกึดื™ื“ึถื™ืšึธ ื™ึฐืจึทื ึผึตื ื•ึผ: (ื™) ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึผืจ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึถืšึธ ืึทืœึพืชึผึธืฉืึตื‘ ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืžึฐืฉืึดื™ื—ึถืšึธ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงืœื‘ ื–-ื™)

ืึตื™ื›ึธื” ื™ึธืขึดื™ื‘ ื‘ึผึฐืึทืคึผื•ึน ืึฒื“ึนื ึธื™ ืึถืชึพื‘ึผึทืชึพืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื”ึดืฉืึฐืœึดื™ืšึฐ ืžึดืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ืึถืจึถืฅ ืชึผึดืคึฐืึถืจึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืœึนืึพื–ึธื›ึทืจ ื”ึฒื“ึนืึพืจึทื’ึฐืœึธื™ื• ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ืึทืคึผื•ึน: (ื‘) ื‘ึผึดืœึผึทืข ืึฒื“ึนื ึธื™ ืœื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื—ึธืžึทืœ ืึตืช ื›ึผึธืœึพื ึฐืื•ึนืช ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื”ึธืจึทืก ื‘ึผึฐืขึถื‘ึฐืจึธืชื•ึน ืžึดื‘ึฐืฆึฐืจึตื™ ื‘ึทืชึพื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื”ึดื’ึผึดื™ืขึท ืœึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื—ึดืœึผึตืœ ืžึทืžึฐืœึธื›ึธื” ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธืจึถื™ื”ึธ: (ื’) ื’ึผึธื“ึทืข ื‘ึผึธื—ึณืจึดื™ึพืึทืฃ ื›ึผึนืœ ืงึถืจึถืŸ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื”ึตืฉืึดื™ื‘ ืึธื—ื•ึนืจ ื™ึฐืžึดื™ื ื•ึน ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืื•ึนื™ึตื‘ ื•ึทื™ึผึดื‘ึฐืขึทืจ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื›ึผึฐืึตืฉื ืœึถื”ึธื‘ึธื” ืึธื›ึฐืœึธื” ืกึธื‘ึดื™ื‘: (ื“) ื“ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ ืงึทืฉืึฐืชึผื•ึน ื›ึผึฐืื•ึนื™ึตื‘ ื ึดืฆึผึธื‘ ื™ึฐืžึดื™ื ื•ึน ื›ึผึฐืฆึธืจ ื•ึทื™ึผึทื”ึฒืจึนื’ ื›ึผึนืœ ืžึทื—ึฒืžึทื“ึผึตื™ึพืขึธื™ึดืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืึนื”ึถืœ ื‘ึผึทืชึพืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืฉืึธืคึทืšึฐ ื›ึผึธืึตืฉื ื—ึฒืžึธืชื•ึน: (ื”) ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืึฒื“ึนื ึธื™ ื›ึผึฐืื•ึนื™ึตื‘ ื‘ึผึดืœึผึทืข ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ... (ืื™ื›ื” ื‘ ื-ื”) - ื”ื›ื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื•ื˜ื” ื•ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™...


ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื—ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื‘ื•ืฉื” ื›ืชืœื’ ื—ื•ืจ ื•ืฉืขืจ ืจืืฉื” ื›ืขืžืจ ื ืงื, ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืงื•ืฆื•ืชื™ื• ืชืœืชืœื™ื ืฉื—ืจืช ื›ืขื•ืจื‘! - ืœื ืงืฉื™ื: ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื›ืืŸ - ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื“ืืžืจ ืžืจ: ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื ืื” ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœื ื–ืงืŸ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื ืื” ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ืืœื ื‘ื—ื•ืจ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื—ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืจืกื™ื” ืฉื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื ื•ืจ ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื—ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ืขื“ ื“ื™ ื›ืจืกื•ืŸ ืจืžื™ื• ื•ืขืชื™ืง ื™ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื™ืชื‘! - ืœื ืงืฉื™ื: ืื—ื“ ืœื• ื•ืื—ื“ ืœื“ื•ื“. ื›ื“ืชื ื™ื: ืื—ื“ ืœื• ื•ืื—ื“ ืœื“ื•ื“, ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื. ืืžืจ ืœื• ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ืœื™: ืขืงื™ื‘ื! ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืœ! ืืœื: ืื—ื“ ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืื—ื“ ืœืฆื“ืงื”. ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืžื™ื ื™ื” ืื• ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืžื™ื ื™ื”? - ืชื ืฉืžืข: ืื—ื“ ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืื—ื“ ืœืฆื“ืงื”, ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื. ืืžืจ ืœื• ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื™ื”: ืขืงื™ื‘ื! ืžื” ืœืš ืืฆืœ ื”ื’ื“ื”? ื›ืœืš ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ืš ืืฆืœ ื ื’ืขื™ื ื•ืื”ืœื•ืช. ืืœื: ืื—ื“ ืœื›ืกื ื•ืื—ื“ ืœืฉืจืคืจืฃ, ื›ืกื - ืœื™ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™ื•, ืฉืจืคืจืฃ - ืœื”ื“ื•ื ืจื’ืœื™ื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื›ืกืื™ ื•ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื“ื ืจื’ืœื™.(ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื™ื“ ื) (ืœืขื‘ื“ ื•ืœืขืจื•ืš ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื–ืจื•ื)


(ื™ื) ื›ึผึดืชึผึฐืจื•ึผื”ื•ึผ ื“ึผึทื”ึฒืจื•ึนืช ืึดืฉึผืึดื™ื, ืžึธื—ื•ึนืœ ืึทื›ึฐื–ึธืจึดื™ ืงื•ึนื“ึตื—ึท ืกึฐื‘ึดื™ื‘ื•ึน, ืขึทืœ-ืจึนืืฉืื•ึน ืชึผึดืฉึผืึธืึถื” ืœึถื”ึธื‘ึธื”, ื’ึผื•ึนืžึทืขึทืช ื‘ึผึทืฆึผึธืžึธื ื—ึฒืœึทืœ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื.


ื›ึผึดืชึผึฐืจื•ึผื”ื•ึผ ื“ึผึทื”ึฒืจื•ึนืช ืึดืฉึผืึดื™ื, ืžึธื—ื•ึนืœ ืึทื›ึฐื–ึธืจึดื™ ืงื•ึนื“ึตื—ึท ืกึฐื‘ึดื™ื‘ื• - ื›ึผึดื™ ืึตืฉื ืงึธื“ึฐื—ึธื” ื‘ึฐืึทืคึผึดื™ ื•ึทืชึผึดื™ืงึทื“ ืขึทื“ ืฉืึฐืื•ึนืœ ืชึผึทื—ึฐืชึผึดื™ืช ื•ึทืชึผึนืื›ึทืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื•ึดื™ื‘ึปืœึธื”ึผ ื•ึทืชึผึฐืœึทื”ึตื˜ ืžื•ึนืกึฐื“ึตื™ ื”ึธืจึดื™ื (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื‘ ื›ื‘)

ื•ึฐื”ึทืขึฒื‘ึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ืึนื™ึฐื‘ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึธืขึฐืชึผึธ ื›ึผึดื™ ืึตืฉื ืงึธื“ึฐื—ึธื” ื‘ึฐืึทืคึผึดื™ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถื ืชึผื•ึผืงึธื“ (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื˜ื• ื™ื“)

ื”ึฒืจึธืจึดื™ ื‘ึผึทืฉึผื‚ึธื“ึถื” ื—ึตื™ืœึฐืšึธ ื›ึธืœ ืื•ึนืฆึฐืจื•ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ ืœึธื‘ึทื– ืึถืชึผึตืŸ ื‘ึผึธืžึนืชึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื—ึทื˜ึผึธืืช ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืœึถื™ืšึธ: ื•ึฐืฉืึธืžึทื˜ึฐืชึผึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐืšึธ ืžึดื ึผึทื—ึฒืœึธืชึฐืšึธ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืœึธืšึฐ ื•ึฐื”ึทืขึฒื‘ึทื“ึฐืชึผึดื™ืšึธ ืึถืช ืึนื™ึฐื‘ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึธืขึฐืชึผึธ ื›ึผึดื™ ืึตืฉื ืงึฐื“ึทื—ึฐืชึผึถื ื‘ึผึฐืึทืคึผึดื™ ืขึทื“ ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืชึผื•ึผืงึธื“ (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื™ื– ื’-ื“)(ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš)


(ื™ื‘) ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืฉืึธืœึตื• ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืจึธื ื™ื•ึนืฉืึตื‘ ื•ึผื–ึฐืจึนืขื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ื ึฐืชื•ึผื ื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ-ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน. (ื™ื’) ืžึทืจึฐื—ึดื™ื‘ ืœึถื”ึธื‘ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐืžึทื‘ึผึธื˜ ืขึตื™ื ึธื™ื• ื•ึผืžึทืขึฒืžึดื™ืง ืžึฐื“ื•ึผืจื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึดื™ื“ ืขึทืคึฐืขึทืคึผึธื™ื•.


ืฉืึธืœึตื• ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืจึธื - ื”ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ื”ืืœื”ื™ ื”ื–ื” โ€“ ืฉืœื• ื•ื ื•ืจื โ€“ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ืงืฆืจ ื”ื–ื”. ื”ื•ื ืจื’ื•ืข ื•ื ื•ืจื. ื ื•ืจืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื–ืจื” ืื™ืžื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืžืงืจื™ืŸ ื–ืขื ื•ื–ืขืฃ ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ื•ื—ืจื•ืŸ. ืืฉ ืงื•ื“ื—ืช ืžืืคื• ืงืฆืฃ ื•ื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืงืขื™ื ืžืžื ื•. ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื• ื ืกื•ื›ื™ื ืฉืœื•ื” ื•ืจื•ื’ืข ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืชื•ืœืœื•ืช ื”ื–ืขื ื”ื–ื•. ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื”ืžืคืชื— ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื ืขื•ืฅ ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ื”ืžืงืจืื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื” ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืชืงืคืช ืืžื•ืง ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช. ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš: ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉ"ืฉืœื• ื•ื ื•ืจื" ืื™ื ื ืชืจืชื™ ื“ืกืชืจื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืœื”ื™ื ืžื”ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ืš (ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ื™ื”ื•ื”) ืืœื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืืœื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืชื ื›ื™ืช ื ืจื’ืข ืจืง ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ืงื˜ืกื˜ืจื•ืคื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืœืœ ื•ืžื—ื•ืœืœ. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืฉืœื•ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช. ื”ืจื•ื’ืข ืฉืœ ืืœื”ื™ื ื”ืžืงืจืื™ ื‘ื ืœื• ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื–ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื•, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื•ืืœ ื–ื•ืขื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื". ืืœื”ื™ื ื–ื•ืขื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื–, ื•ืžืžื”ืจืช ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืข ืื•ืชื ื• ืฉืจืง ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ืขื. "ื•ืžื”ื• ืžืฉืš ื–ืขืžื• ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืœ?" ืฉื•ืืœืช ื”ื’ืžืจื, ื•ืขื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื ื–ื•ืขื ื”ืืœ ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.

ืจื’ืข, ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื”ื•ื ืืœืคื™ืช ื”ื“ืงื”, ืื• ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื—ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืจื™ื‘ื•ื, ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžืื•ืช ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” (58,888) ื‘ืฉืขื”". ืจื’ืข ื”ื•ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื” ื–ืขื™ืจื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช. ืงืฉื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ื–ื•ืขื ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืจืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ื. ืฉืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื“ืงื”...

ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื•ืคื™ืข ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืจื’ืข" ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื–ืขื ื•ื”ืจืก ืืœื•ื”ื™ื™ื - "ื”ึดื‘ึผึธื“ึฐืœื•ึผ ืžึดืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ ื”ึธืขึตื“ึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ื•ึทืึฒื›ึทืœึผึถื” ืึนืชึธื ื›ึผึฐืจึธื’ึทืข" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื– ื›ื) ื”ึตืจึนืžึผื•ึผ ืžึดืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ ื”ึธืขึตื“ึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ื•ึทืึฒื›ึทืœึผึถื” ืึนืชึธื ื›ึผึฐืจึธื’ึทืข" (ืฉื ื™ื–, ื™) ; ื—ึฒื‘ึดื™ [ื”ืชื—ื‘ืื™] ื›ึดืžึฐืขึทื˜ ืจึถื’ึทืข ืขึทื“ ื™ึทืขึฒื‘ึธื•ืจ ื–ึธืขึทื" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื›ื•, ื›) ; ื›ึผึดื™ ืจึถื’ึทืข ื‘ึผึฐืึทืคึผื•ึน ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื‘ึผึดืจึฐืฆื•ึนื ื•ึน" (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืœ ื•) "ื‘ึผึฐืจึถื’ึทืข ืงึธื˜ึนืŸ ืขึฒื–ึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ืšึฐ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ื ื’ึผึฐื“ึนืœึดื™ื ืึฒืงึทื‘ึผึฐืฆึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึถืฆึถืฃ ืงึถืฆึถืฃ ื”ึดืกึฐืชึผึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืคึธื ึทื™ ืจึถื’ึทืข ืžึดืžึผึตืšึฐ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื—ึถืกึถื“ ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืจึดื—ึทืžึฐืชึผึดื™ืšึฐ"( ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื ื“ ื–-ื—) "ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืœึฐืฉืึทืžึผึธื” ื›ึฐืจึธื’ึทืข" (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืขื’, ื™ื˜) "ื‘ึฐืจึถื’ึทืข ืฉืึฐืื•ึนืœ ื™ึตื—ึทืชึผื•ึผ" (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื›ื ื™ื’) "ืกึฐื“ึนื ื”ึทื”ึฒืคื•ึผื›ึธื” ื›ึฐืžื• ืจึธื’ึทืข" (ืื™ื›ื” ื“ ื•) ...

ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื• ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื "ืš ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืงืจื™ื– ื”ื˜ื•ื˜ืืœื™ ืฉื™ืฉืชื•ืœืœ ืื ืœื ื™ืกืคืงื• ืœืืœื”ื™ื ืืช ืžื ืช ื”ื–ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื•. ืฆื•ืคืŸ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื”ืžืงืจืื™ ื”ื•ื "ืœื ืœืขืฆื‘ืŸ ืืช ืืœื”ื™ื ื•ืœื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืœื• ืืช ื”ืกืขื™ืฃ".

ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื”ืชื "ืš ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœ. ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืฆื•ื“ืง. ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื˜ื•ืขื” ื•ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื ื›ืฉืœ. ืื ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืขืก ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžื•ืฆื“ืงืช. ืื ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ืขื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ืกื™ื‘ื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืฆื“ืงืช. ืื ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืจืฃ, ื ื•ืงื, ืžื›ืœื”, ืžื—ืจื™ื‘ ื•ืžืฉืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ืืœืฃ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื•ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื•ื“ืง, ื”ื—ื›ื, ื”ื™ื•ื“ืข ื•ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ื•ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืชื™ื•. ืœืžื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื™ื•ื. ืืคื• ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื”ืชื "ืš ื™ื—ืจื” ื‘ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ืœื” ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”.

ืื™-ืœื›ืš ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชื "ืš - ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื ืฉื™ื ื–ืงื ื™ื ื•ื˜ืฃ - ืœื”ืœืš ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืงืฆื•ืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช, ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืฆื— ื‘ืฆืœ ื”ื–ืขื ื”ืจื’ืขื™, ื”ืžืจื’ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืืœ ื”ืžืชื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•: "ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ืจื’ืข ืœืจื’ืข, ืœืืœืคื™ืช ื”ื“ืงื”, ื•ืื›ืœื” ืืชื›ื ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืื• ืืฉืจื•ืฃ ืœื›ื ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืฉืœื•ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืชืจื“ ืขืœื™, ื•ืื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื• ื•ื ื•ืจื...ืื›ืœื” ืืชื›ื ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”".

[1] ืžึทืจึฐื—ึดื™ื‘ ืœึถื”ึธื‘ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐืžึทื‘ึผึธื˜ ืขึตื™ื ึธื™ื• - ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืชืŸ ื‘ื• ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื ืฉืจืฃ (ืœื‘ืฆืข)

[1] ื•ึผืžึทืขึฒืžึดื™ืง ืžึฐื“ื•ึผืจื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึดื™ื“ ืขึทืคึฐืขึทืคึผึธื™ื• โ€“ ืื ื™ ื—ื‘ืฆืœืช ื”ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉื ืช ื”ืขืžืงื™ื (ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ ื) โ€“ ืืžืจื” ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื: ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืืช(ื”) ืžืขืžื™ืง ืขื™ื ื™ืš ื‘ื™ ืื ื™ ืžืจื˜ื‘ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื•ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืจื”, ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื–ื”ื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘) (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงืœ ื) ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ืžืžืขืžืงื™ื ืงืจืืชื™ืš ื”' (ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ื‘ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื’) โ€“ ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžืขืžื™ืง ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืจื‘ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžืขืžื™ืง ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืคืข ืžืžืขืžืงื™ื ื•ื”ืคืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื... (ื›ืฉื ื’ื™ืข ืœืคืจืง ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™, ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืฆืœืช, ื ืคืชื— ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”... )

[1] ืžึธื—ื•ึนืœ ืึทื›ึฐื–ึธืจึดื™ ืงื•ึนื“ึตื—ึท ืกึฐื‘ึดื™ื‘ื•ึน. ืขึทืœ-ืจึนืืฉืื•ึน ืชึผึดืฉึผืึธืึถื” ืœึถื”ึธื‘ึธื”, ื’ึผื•ึนืžึทืขึทืช ื‘ึผึทืฆึผึธืžึธื ื—ึฒืœึทืœ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื. ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืฉืึธืœึตื• ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืจึธื ื™ื•ึนืฉืึตื‘ ื•ึผื–ึฐืจึนืขื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ื ึฐืชื•ึผื ื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ-ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน. ืžึทืจึฐื—ึดื™ื‘ ืœึถื”ึธื‘ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐืžึทื‘ึผึธื˜ ืขึตื™ื ึธื™ื• ื•ึผืžึทืขึฒืžึดื™ืง ืžึฐื“ื•ึผืจื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึดื™ื“ ืขึทืคึฐืขึทืคึผึธื™ื• - "... ื•ื”ืฉืœื”ื‘ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื ืฉืžืขืช ืœื™, ืžืฉืชืจื‘ื‘ืช, ืžืชืขืงืžืช, ืžืชื›ืจื›ืช ื•ึผืžืชืœืคึผืคืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื™ื, ืžื’ืฉืฉืช ื•ึผืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืœื” ืžืงื•ื ื ื•ื— ืœื”ึตืึธื—ึตื–โ€ฆ ืžืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืืจื•ื‘ืช-ื”ืขืฉืŸ โ€“ ื™ึฐืœึตืœ ืจื•ื— ื•ื“ืจื“ื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžื—ืจื™ื“ื™ ื ืคืฉ ื•ึผื‘ืฉื‚ืจ. ื›ื•ืœื™ ืจื•ืขื“ ืžึดืฆึผึดื ึผึธื”, ืฉื‘ื•ืงืขืช ื•ึผืžื—ืœื—ืœืช ืœืชื•ื›ื™ ืžืœืžื˜ื”, ืžืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืฉืขืœ-ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื”; ื’ืœ ืจื•ื—, ืฉื ืงืจืข ืžืืจื•ื‘ืช-ื”ืขืฉืŸ ื•ื ืคืœ ืœืžื˜ื”, ื‘ืคื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืจ, ื–ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืงื•ืžืฅ ืฉืœ ืคื™ื— ืฆื•ื ืŸ ืžืืชืžื•ืœ โ€“ ื•ืื ื™ ืื™ื ื™ ื–ื– ืžืžืงื•ืžื™. ืขื™ื ื™ ื•ืœื‘ื™ ืืœ ื”ืฉืœื”ื‘ืช. ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืื ื™ ื•ึผืžืขึทื™ึผึตืŸ, ืขื“ ืฉื”ืืฉ ืžืชืœืงื—ืช. ื•ึผื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืืฉ ืžืชืœืงื—ืช โ€“ ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ืžื˜ื™ืœ ืืช ื ืคืฉื™ ื•ืืช ื›ื•ืœื™ ืœืžื“ื•ืจืช ื”ืืฉโ€ฆ ืจื•ืื” ืื ื™ ื‘ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืข ืื ื™ ืžืชื•ื›ื” ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืคื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ. ืžื™ืŸ ื ื’ื™ื ื” ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืข, ื ื’ื™ื ื” ื˜ืžื™ืจื”, ื“ืงื” ื“ืงื”, ืžื ื”ืžืช ืžืžืขืžืงื™ื, ืžืชื•ืš-ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ื—ืœื™ ืืฉ ื”ืคื•ืงืขื•ืช ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืคืงื™ืขืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื“ืงื•ืช ื•ื ึทืขึฒืœึธืžื•ึนืช, ืžืชื•ื—ื•ืช ื™ืคื” ื™ืคื”โ€ฆ ื•ึผืžื™ืŸ ืžื—ื•ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื”, ืžื—ื•ืœ ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ื•ึผืžืกื•ึผื›ืกืš ืฉืœ ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื–ื”ื‘ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื—ื™ื•ืช, ืžืคื–ื–ื•ืช, ืขืจื‘ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ืื“ืžื“ืžื•ืช, ื›ื—ืœื—ืœื•ืช, ืืจื’ื•ึธื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืชื•ืžื•ืชโ€ฆ ืฉืœืœ ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื™ื ื•ึผื ื’ื•ึนื”ื•ึนืช, ืฉืขื•ืœื™ื ื•ึผืžืฉืชืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช, ื•ื”ื ืžืชื’ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ึผืžืชืคืชืœื™ื, ืžืœื—ื›ื™ื ื•ึผืžื”ื‘ื”ื‘ื™ื, ืžืœืคึผืคื™ื ื•ึผืžื’ืคึผืคื™ืโ€ฆ ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจื™ ื’ื—ืœื™ื ื•ึผืงืจื™ืฆื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ื™ ื›ึผึทื“ื›ึผึนื“ ื•ืืงื“ื—. ืชึผึฐืกึฐ-ืกึฐืกึฐ โ€“ ืชื•ืกืก ื–ึฐื ึทื‘ ืื•ึผื“ ืื—ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ื˜ึดืคึผึธื” ืขื›ื•ึผืจื” ืฉื‘ึผึดืฆื‘ึผืฆื” ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืจืชื™ื—ื”, โ€“ ืคึผึธืง! ืขื•ื ึธื” ืœืขื•ึผืžืชื•ึน ื’ื—ืœืช ืฉื ืชืคืงืขื” ืคืชืึนื ื•ื ึดืชึผึฐื–ื” ืœืจืกื™ืกื™ื. ื•ึผืžื™ื“ ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื ื”ื™ืžื” ื—ืจื™ืฉื™ืช, ืžืชื•ื—ื”, ืฆืœื™ืœ ื ื™ืžื™ ื“ืง ื•ื—ื“ โ€“ ื”ื™ื-ื!โ€ฆ ื•ึผืคืชืึนื โ€“ ืคืจืจืจ! ื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืื•ื“ื™ื ืžืึปื›ึผึธืœื™ื ื ืชืคื•ืจืจื• ืชื—ืชื ื•ื ืฉืชืคื›ื• ื›ื–ื”ื‘ ืคืจื•ืšโ€ฆ ืคื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืจ ืžืชืžืœื ืชึดืœึผึดื™ื ืชึดืœึผึดื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื—ืœื™ื ื‘ื•ืขืจื•ืช. ืื•ื™ืจื• โ€“ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืžืœื•ึผื‘ึผืŸ. ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืš, ืฉื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื” ืชื’ื™ื— ืžืฉื ื”ืกืœืžื ื“ืจื, ื‘ืจื™ื” ื–ื•, ืฉืœืคื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืฉื‘ื™ึธื“ื™ ืžึตื—ึฒื‘ึตืจึทื™ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ, ืชื•ืœื“ืชื” ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ึผืจ, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืงืฆืช ื•ืื“ื•ืžื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื›ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืงืœื•ื™โ€ฆ ื•ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืš ืขื•ื“, ืฉื‘ืจื’ืข ื’ึผึดื™ื—ึธื” ืžืŸ ื”ืืฉ ืชื–ื“ืงืฃ ืงื•ืžืžื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ืจื’ืœื™ื” ื”ืื—ื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ื•ึผืงึฐืคึธืฅ ื‘ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืจื’ืœื™ื” ืœืชื•ืš ืขื™ื ื™ืšโ€ฆ ื–ืœืขืคืช ื–ื•ึธืขื” ืชึนืื—ื–ื ื™. ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฆื ืขื™ื ื™ ื•ึผืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืœื”ื˜ ื”ืืฉ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื•ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื™ ื•ืฉื•ืžืข ื‘ืจืขื“ื” ืืช ื“ืจื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืืจื•ื‘ืช-ื”ืขืฉืŸ โ€“ ื“ืจืจืจโ€ฆ ืžืชื™ึธืจื ืื ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืจืืฉื™ ืœืื—ื•ืจื™. ืื™ื–ื” ืฉื“ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™; ื›ืคื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืขึธืจึฐืคึผึดื™ ืžืžืฉ. "ืืžื, ืืžื!" โ€“ ืžืฉืึทื•ึผึตืขึท ืœื‘ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื™, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงื•ืœ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆื. ื ื—ื ืง ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ืจื•ื ื™. ื—ึถืจื“ืช ืžึธื•ึถืช ืชื‘ึนื ื‘ื™. ืฉืึดื ึผึทื™ ื•ืืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ ื ื•ืงืฉื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ื™ ื’ึผึนื•ึตืขึท ืžึดืคึผึทื—ึทื“ ืกืชื•ื. ื™ึฐืœึตืœ ื”ืืจื•ึผื‘ื” ื‘ื ืืœึทื™ ืžืžืงื•ื ืจื—ื•ืง, ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืึนื“โ€ฆ ื•ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืฉืขืช ืกื›ื ื” ื–ื•, ืžื ืฆื ืฆืช ื‘ึผืžึนื—ื™ ื”"ืกื’ื•ึผืœื”", ืื•ืชื” ืฉืžืกืจ ืœื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื“ ื”ืจื•ื“ืฃ ืื•ืชื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ื–ื™ืจืชื™ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืจ. ืžืžื”ืจ ืื ื™ ื•ืชื•ืงืข ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื”ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื—ื’ื•ืจืช ื”ืžื›ื ืกื™ื ื•ืงื•ืจื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื‘ึผื›ื•ึธื ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” "ืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ". ื”ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื”, ืคื—ื“ื™ ืคื’, ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœื™ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ึผืžืฆื™ืฅ ื‘ืคื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืจ. ื”ืื•ึผื“ื™ื ื ื•ืฉืจื™ื ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื-ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื. ื”ื’ื—ืœื™ื ืขื•ืžืžื•ืช. ื”ืจืžืฅ ืžืชืจื‘ื”. ืื•ึผื“ ืื—ื“, ื›ึผึปืœึผื• ืื˜ืœืก ื ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื™ืชื• ื•ึผืžืœื ืกื“ืงื™ื ื•ื—ืจื™ืฆื™ื ืžืขืฉื” ืชืฉื‘ืฅ, ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชืžืจ ื•ึผืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื“ืงื™ื ืคืขืคื•ืขื™ื ื›ื—ื•ึผืœื™ื, ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืชึดืžื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฉืŸ... (ืžืชื•ืš "ืกืคื™ื—" ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคืจืง ืฉืฉื™).


(ื™ื“) ื”ึธื‘ื•ึผ ืœึทื™ึธื™, ื“ึผื•ึนื”ึฒืจึดื™ื ื“ึผื•ึนืœึฐืงึดื™ื, ื”ึธื‘ื•ึผ ืœึทื™ึธื™ ืžึฐื—ื•ึนืœ ืœึทื”ึทื˜ ื•ึธืึตืฉื!


(ื) ืžึดื–ึฐืžื•ึนืจ ืœึฐื“ึธื•ึดื“ ื”ึธื‘ื•ึผ ืœึทื™ื”ื•ื” ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืึตืœึดื™ื ื”ึธื‘ื•ึผ ืœึทื™ื”ื•ื” ื›ึผึธื‘ื•ึนื“ ื•ึธืขึนื–:(ื‘) ื”ึธื‘ื•ึผ ืœึทื™ื”ื•ื” ื›ึผึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ ืฉืึฐืžื•ึน ื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ื•ึผ ืœึทื™ื”ื•ื” ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทื“ึฐืจึทืช ืงึนื“ึถืฉื:(ื’) ืงื•ึนืœ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืžึผึธื™ึดื ืึตืœ ื”ึทื›ึผึธื‘ื•ึนื“ ื”ึดืจึฐืขึดื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื” ืขึทืœ ืžึทื™ึดื ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ื:(ื“) ืงื•ึนืœ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื‘ึผึทื›ึผึนื—ึท ืงื•ึนืœ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื‘ึผึถื”ึธื“ึธืจ:(ื”) ืงื•ึนืœ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืฉืึนื‘ึตืจ ืึฒืจึธื–ึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึฐืฉืึทื‘ึผึตืจ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืึถืช ืึทืจึฐื–ึตื™ ื”ึทืœึผึฐื‘ึธื ื•ึนืŸ:(ื•) ื•ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐืงึดื™ื“ึตื ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืขึตื’ึถืœ ืœึฐื‘ึธื ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึดืจึฐื™ึนืŸ ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื‘ึถืŸ ืจึฐืึตืžึดื™ื:(ื–) ืงื•ึนืœ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื—ึนืฆึตื‘ ืœึทื”ึฒื‘ื•ึนืช ืึตืฉื:(ื—) ืงื•ึนืœ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื™ึธื—ึดื™ืœ ืžึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ื™ึธื—ึดื™ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืžึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึทืจ ืงึธื“ึตืฉื:(ื˜) ืงื•ึนืœ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื™ึฐื—ื•ึนืœึตืœ ืึทื™ึผึธืœื•ึนืช ื•ึทื™ึผึถื—ึฑืฉื‚ึนืฃ ื™ึฐืขึธืจื•ึนืช ื•ึผื‘ึฐื”ึตื™ื›ึธืœื•ึน ื›ึผึปืœึผื•ึน ืึนืžึตืจ ื›ึผึธื‘ื•ึนื“:(ื™) ื™ื”ื•ื” ืœึทืžึผึทื‘ึผื•ึผืœ ื™ึธืฉืึธื‘ ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฉืึถื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื:(ื™ื) ื™ื”ื•ื” ืขึนื– ืœึฐืขึทืžึผื•ึน ื™ึดืชึผึตืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื™ึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืึถืช ืขึทืžึผื•ึน ื‘ึทืฉึผืึธืœื•ึนื (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื›ื˜). -

ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžืจื—ืฃ ืžืขืœ ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ ื•ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”. ืžื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื›ืืŸ? - ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื - ืงื•ึนืœ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืžึผึธื™ึดื ืึตืœ ื”ึทื›ึผึธื‘ื•ึนื“ ื”ึดืจึฐืขึดื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื” ืขึทืœ ืžึทื™ึดื ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ื ; ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืžื—ื•ืœ ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืข ืฉืœ ืืฉ - ืงื•ึนืœ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื—ึนืฆึตื‘ ืœึทื”ึฒื‘ื•ึนืช ืึตืฉื ; ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืืช ืžื—ื•ืœ ื”ืื™ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ืœืœื•ืช - ืงื•ึนืœ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื™ึฐื—ื•ึนืœึตืœ ืึทื™ึผึธืœื•ึนืช ; ืืช ืžื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ - ืงื•ึนืœ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื™ึธื—ึดื™ืœ ืžึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ื™ึธื—ึดื™ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืžึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึทืจ ืงึธื“ึตืฉื ; ืืช ืžื—ื•ืœ ื”ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืœื”ื‘ื•ืช - ื•ึผื‘ึฐื”ึตื™ื›ึธืœื•ึน ื›ึผึปืœึผื•ึน ืึนืžึตืจ ื›ึผึธื‘ื•ึนื“, ืืช ืžื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ืžื—ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช, ืžื—ื•ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืืœื™ื, ืžื—ื•ืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืžื—ื•ืœืœ ื•ืžื—ื•ืœ ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ...

(ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื•ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื ื›ื˜ โ€“ ืžืชื•ืš ืกื“ื•ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืงื‘ืœืช ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืขื•ื“)

ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื

ื”ืฆื’ ื”ื›ื•ืœ

ืžื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื” ืœืžื˜ื”? - ืจืง ืื ื™, ืื ื™ ื•ืืชื” (ืžื‘ื•ื ืœ"ืžึฐื’ึดืœึผึทืช ื”ึธืึตืฉื")

ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช-ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช: ื ึทื“ ื ึตื“ ื ึทื“ ื ึตื“ ืจึตื“ ืขืœื” ืขืœื” ื•ืจึตื“ ืžื”-ืœืžืขืœื”-ืžื”-ืœืžื˜ื” ืจืง ืื ื™ ืื ื™ ื•ืืชื”. ืฉื ื™ื ื• ืฉืงื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืื–ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืฉืžื™ื[1] ืฉืืœืช ืžื”-ืœืžืขืœื”-ืžื”-ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืืกื•

ืžึฐื’ึดืœึผึทืช ื”ึธืึตืฉื ืคืจืง ื• ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื-ื›ื” - ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืืจื•ืช

ื• - ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืคืจืง ื”ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืžืืช ืื™ืจื” ื™ืืŸ ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื” ืื™ืจื” ื™ืืŸ ืœืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ืฉื”ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื”, ื•ื›ื™ ื—ืžืฉืช ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื”ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืคืจืœื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™

ืžึฐื’ึดืœึผึทืช ื”ึธืึตืฉื ืคืจืง ื• ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื›ื•-ืœื˜ - ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืืจื•ืช

(ื›ื•) ื•ึทื™ึผึดืžึฐืฆึธืึตื ึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืึทื—ึทื“ ื”ึทื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื ืึดื™ืฉื ืฉื‚ึตื™ื‘ึธื” ืžึดื™ื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืžื•ึผื˜ึธืœ ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื”ึถื”ึธืจึดื™ื ืขึดื-ืฉืึทื—ึทืจ, ื•ึฐื”ึธืึดื™ืฉื ืœึฐื‘ื•ึผืฉื ืึทื“ึผึถืจึถืช ื•ึผืคึฐืจื•ึผืขึท ืฉื‚ึตืขึธืจ, ื”ื•ึนืœึตืšึฐ ืงึฐื“ื•ึนืจึทื ึผึดื™ืช ื•ึฐื–ึธืขึตืฃ, ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื ึธื–ึดื™ืจ ื•ึผืงึฐื“ื•ึนืฉื ืึฑืœึน

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